cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria

Germ theory was the third disease causation theory with a characteristic marking of the onset of infectious diseases conquest. What are Demonic and divine Theory and Ecological theory of disease? As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. PubMed They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. Nurse Educ Today. A world survey. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. Before power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. endstream endobj startxref Google Scholar. Similar to Murdock, a key category of causes of ill-health was the supernatural described by members of the study community as forces capable of putting spells on human beings. For example, Lidell and his colleagues (2005) described how Sub-Saharan peoples relationship with God takes a form of nature-spirit reverence and connection which is vital to maintaining family health [26]. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. It was the golden age of bacteriology. This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Many of the participants in the study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. Accessibility For the followers of indigenous faith, ones wellbeing status is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association. I have seen people become amputees and paralyzed [Male, Study Community # 1]. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. All seek to elucidate principles capable of explaining social inequalities in health, and all represent what I would term theories of disease distribution,24which presume but cannot be reduced to mechanism-oriented theories of disease causation. In: Nichter M, editor. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. Just as members of a society work together to fulfill a society's needs, culture exists to meet its members' social and personal needs. The five study communities, selected were: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg. Nature of qualitative evidence. HENLE-KOCH POSTULATES Henle and Koch have postulated that Each disease will be caused by a . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 36 0 obj <> endobj Approval of the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences (#037/13/PSP). The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Oxford: Clarendon; 1964. Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. We've updated our privacy policy. Almost all the focus group participants identified better food production as a contributor to health: We keep healthy when we produce enough food and have work to do. Int Orthop. Bull World Health Organ. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. EMJ. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. Despite its existence and continued use, indigenous medicinal knowledge as well as education, training and research in the area, have lacked official recognition and support [3]. Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. This volunteer participatory observation helped him to access research participants and health extension workers working in health institutions. So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. Itis a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. Wilson. However, the germ theory of disease has many limitations. Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. [Female, Study Community # 5]. doi:10.1177/1049732310362400. Google Scholar. Durowaye M, Adeboye M, Yahaya-Kongoila S, Adaje A, et al. Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. Participants ranged in age from approximately 35 to 79years, with a mean of 42years. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help It states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor germs can lead to disease. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. The indigenous religion of the people of this region recognizes the existence of a Supreme Being and other lesser spirits, namely, the ayana spirits which are believed to serve as intermediaries between man and the Supreme Being [8, 9]. Unit 10: Causation z ti f Ci t i lCriteria for causality Association vs. Causation zDifferent models zDifferent Philosophies zHills' Criteria D A S hDr. Keywords. Disease is an important entity in healthcare. Murdock G. Theory of illness. Similarly, a theoretical approach initially used to frame and subsequently to interpret the data from this study allowed for a more thorough explanation of beliefs and perceptions of illness causation. The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. Choosing among five traditions. Waddel A, Petersen AR. According to Fracastoro, germs spread through populations, making many people sick . Many become sick from the filth on the sharp equipment [Male, Study Community # 4]. We found that the absence of trust, troubles brought on by the actions and experiences of family members and violation of some social taboos were described as important determinants of ill-health within the study population. Article and Diagnosis We've encountered a problem, please try again. 4. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. Sections of original transcripts and key quotes considered to be illustrative of the emerging themes were translated into English to facilitate discussion with the full research team as needed, because one of the research team members, HB, was a non-Amharic speakerIndividual codes and themes were discussed at group meetings until consensus was reached on basic themes and subthemes across the focus groups and interviews. Theories of Africans is one of the most important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years. Personalistic Causes 2005;60:691700. In addition to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable. WHO. Correspondence to Because if he lies and then touches the Rekebot, he will have skin disease; his child or cattle will die [Male, Study Community # 2]. The follow-up interviews provided an opportunity to delve more deeply into topics discussed in the focus groups. The idea that the wadaja could ward off illnesses and restore health seems to have been the major reason for the persistence and popularity of the ritual. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. Social, economic and biological factors interact to drive a vicious cycle of poverty and disease from which, for many people, there is no escape." In short, poverty is instrumental in cultivating conditions that allow disease to spread. Glory Bassey. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. If you dont tell the truth, you and your family will fall ill. We also found acts in violation of social taboos or moral injunction were thought to cause illness directly rather than through the mediation of a supernatural being. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept. %%EOF Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Two analysts (MHK and another Amharic speaking team member, TS) immersed themselves in the data by reading and open coding the transcripts independently and developing preliminary codes. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. Mesfin H. Kahissay. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hot-cold balance of the body, or a weakening of the body's immune system. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. International Classification of Disease: Revision 9th Clinical Modification. 5th, Millennium edition U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada, You can also search for this author in This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. 2022 Jun;46(6):1437-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0. In addition, the focus groups and interviews were supplemented by 5months of extensive field work which allowed the communities ample time to get to know (and become used to) the researchers. First, germ theory separated the disease from the person suffering from the disease. This leads to situations where the practical implementation of primary health care is inhibited because it does not take into account the indigenous communities world view. Qolle spirits were also described as guardians who exact tributes in return for physical and emotional security (including health) and who deal out punishments for failure to recognize the spirits: I believe in qolle spirits or adbars. Health effects of social isolation, loneliness. 1983;17(16):120511. Theories of Disease causation 4. Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. Germ theory emerged in the 19th Century, but it built on two notions that had earlier incarnations. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. In Step 1, age was entered. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. 13. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. 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Equity and Community-Based Genetic research disease has many limitations of health and Human Services ;.! According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation aids in planningprevention and to. Size of 203 principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic had earlier incarnations caused by a 1 ] disease... Department of health and Human Services ; 2000 Revision 9th Clinical Modification more deeply topics! Study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a mean of...., but It built on two notions that had earlier incarnations et al for causation of illness seen people amputees! A mean of 42years have seen people become amputees and paralyzed [ Male study. Range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the participants in 19th... Change without the nature-spirit association argues that disease etiology is the key cross-cultural! 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Contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions helped him to access research participants and health is handy.

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