what is exogamy marriage

Frazer[11] says that exogamy was begun to maintain the survival of family groups, especially when single families became larger political groups. In order to understand this definition, it is necessary to investigate the types of exogamy and thus the reasons to practice this form of marriage. Extramarital sex or reproductive issues as grounds for divorce (Frayser 1985). [4], Nancy Wilmsen Thornhill states that the drive in humans to not reproduce or be attracted to one's immediate family is evolutionarily adaptive, as it reduces the risk of children having genetic defects caused by inbreeding, as a result of inheriting two copies of a deleterious recessive gene. How do you pronounce that? Specifically, your cross-cousins are your mothers brothers children and your fathers sisters children. This distinction mostly matters in societies with patrilineal or matrilineal descent because in such societies one set of parallel cousins is in your own kin group, while cross-cousins are generally not. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In endogamous, marriages with the same families are prohibited. the higher the status of females in society (Pearson and Hendrix 1979). Exogamy, which is the practice of marrying outside of one's own social group or tribe, was also likely practiced by early humans. Endogamy and exogamy are the two main rules that condition marital choice. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_10',615,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3-0');You might be thinking, Exo-what now? Dont worry, youre not alone. Why? Racial exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own race. Increase in lineage as family names can be transferred from smaller to larger clans. Using this line of reasoning, Boserup explains why societies with long-fallow agriculture, which involves rotating through relatively large tracts of land, is associated with polygyny compared with societies practicing plow agriculture on permanent plots of land. If the answer is no, then male-female bonding was predicted; if the answer was yes, then female-male bonding was unlikely. Research has found that. It is important to note that the inability to have a child is often a function of a particular couples inability to have a child as a couple, not necessarily the inherent inability of a particular spouse to have a child. Note which cousins are parallel and cross-cousins for the male listed as ego.. Another evolutionary theory is based on the idea that inequality in male wealth will favor polygyny because women (or their families) might choose to marry a wealthy man, rather than a man with few resources. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the brides family to the bride, the groom, or to the couple. In fact, there are strong taboos against incestuous relationships in many cultures. What predicts variation in family household form? For three of these days, the bride is secluded and cannot be exposed to the sun. 2016. in complex societies that have social stratification and intensive agriculture (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Evascu 1975), although such societies are also likely to lack substantial transactions at marriage (Evascu 1975). document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Ancient Maya Such incorporation can be before marriage, such as growing up in the same community, or it can occur after marriage, such as being cared for by a deceased spouses family. They could, but it is likely that both women might have babies at the same time. While first cousin marriage may have higher risk of offspring carrying harmful double recessive genes, severe population loss makes it more difficult to find eligible mates in societies that are already relatively small. Marriage laws and customs vary widely across cultures and can dictat But, if land is limited or scarce, this strategy is not a particularly good one. 2018. Dow, Gregory K., Clyde G. Reed, and Simon Woodcock. Another type of dowry is indirect dowry. Polygynous societies appear to have responded to jealousy with certain common customs and rules that include: having separate quarters and kitchens for nonsororal co-wives, having rules about husbands sharing resources equitably, and having rules for sleeping with co-wives in rotation (C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019, 245). Manage Settings non-classical polyandry tends to be found in small scale egalitarian societies that practice food collection and horticulture. Explore some texts and do some comparisons using theeHRAF World Culturesdatabase. In both cases, not only did male and female sexual partners live separately with their maternal families, but they did not have regular economic cooperation nor other regular obligations with their sexual partners. "[6] In French populations, people who reproduce with their first cousin develop cystinosis at a greater rate than the general population.[7]. The minority of societies have independent family households. Extended family households are more likely in societies where. The rule that specifies marriage to a person from outside ones own group (kin, caste, or community). In human autosomal-DNA science, endogamy has been used to refer to any cousin marriage that affects an ancestral tree. Exogamy is usually defined through kinship rather than ethnicity, religion, or class. Bride price or substantial transactions of wealth accompanying the marriage (Frayser 1985; Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974). In the diagram below, a circle stands for a female, a triangle for a male, and an equal sign for a marriage. Biological exogamy is marriage of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. The reasoning is that marriages are often arranged with other communities that are potential enemies, so parents may opt to delay marriage for their sons until after his active period of warrior involvement. 2018). It is marriage within the group and the group may be caste, class, tribe, race, village, religious group etc.We have caste endogamy, class endogamy, sub caste endogamy . Since pathogen stress is higher in tropical regions (Low 1990), this result may partially explain why polygyny is higher in such regions. Indeed, as mentioned above, polygyny is also associated with a large discrepancy in age of marriage (M. Ember 1984) and both conditions explain polygyny better than one condition alone. J. F. McLennan[8] holds that exogamy was due originally to a scarcity of women among small bands. type of polygyny in which a man is married to two or more women who are not sisters. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy or the practice of marrying from within one's social. endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. One important predictor is whether or not women engage in craft specialization or work outside the householdwhen they do so, there is a lower likelihood of arranged marriage (Hull 1989). Gaulin, Steven J. C., and James S. Boster. The female-biased sex ratio theory may also explain why polygyny is relatively rare in very complex societies. Nimkoff and Middleton (1960) acknowledged that their sample, focusing on nonindustrial societies, did not include the most complex societies, and therefore they suggested that the relationship with complexity was probably curvilinear, with the least and most complex societies being less likely to have extended family households. Being able to engage in sex prior to marriage combined with the ability to choose a partner presumably enhances the likelihood that marriage partners will be compatible and ultimately happier together. If a father can stay with them, or take turns with the mother, survival chances improve greatly. For example, there may be six skin names in a given indigenous language group (native groups are defined by language). Munck, Victor de, and Jennifer McGreevey. First, most of the more stable bonding species lacked any division of labor, casting doubt on the division of labor theory. Another example of exogamous marriage practice can be seen in Australia's first people. In most patrilocal, patrilineal societies, daughters would normally move away from their familys land. The Inuit are North American indigenous peoples living in a moiety composed of totem (defined by animal names) groups that are made up of many smaller tribes. Second, the relationship appears stronger in societies with simpler forms of agriculture (Osmond 1965). Thus, persons may be expected to marry outside their totem clan(s) or other groups, in addition to outside closer blood relatives. Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is exogamy. a sex-ratio in favor of males is associated with appreciable amounts of polyandry. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one's own group. Apostolou points out that many societies with arranged marriage also more closely chaperone their children and maintain separation of the sexes, reducing contact between younger men and women before marriage. The diversity of the gene pool results in reduced purity of the bloodline; however exogamous cultures value lineage over the purity of bloodlines, and exogamy supports strong lineage tracking. Endogamous marriage is marriage between people of the same group - such as occurred incestuous royal marriages in history. The children of siblings of the opposite gender (i.e., the children of a woman and her brother are cross-cousins to each other). Why? Meaning of Exogamy Marriage That marriage in which all the blood relatives and members of the same kinship are prohibited to marry one another. Examine how exogamy differs from endogamy. Their main findings are. systems of exchange, Consanguinity The State of being related to someone by descent from a common ancestor, Assimilation How Minority Groups become part of the Dominant Culture. Because inbreeding is generally deleterious (first cousins share 1/8 of their genes and therefore have a higher likelihood of producing a child with a double recessive gene), theory suggests that is advantageous to forbid cousin marriage the more likely it will occur by chance. There are very few societies that transfer labor or goods to the grooms family from the brides family, which is something of a puzzle. patrilocal A prohibition on whom one can and cannot marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship. Create an account to start this course today. Here are some other ways that exogamy and endogamy compare: It is clear to see that exogamy and endogamy are opposites in almost every way. In American kinship systems, cousins are treated more or less equivalently, but in many societies there are markedly different attitudes towards and expectations for different types of cousins. Divorce, or the severing of marital ties, is found in the vast majority of societies in the anthropological record. religion However, the ease of attaining a divorce, the frequency of divorce, reasons for divorce, as well as the ramifications of that divorce, vary a great deal. 2018). What about brothers? To understand what a cross-cousin is versus a parallel cousin, it helps to think of the term cross as meaning related to you by crossing gender in the parental generation. [citation needed], Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:11, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples", "Comment on "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples", "Population admixture, biological invasions and the balance between local adaptation and inbreeding depression", "The effect of inbreeding on early childhood mortality: twelve generations of an Amish settlement", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogamy&oldid=1141878744, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:11. Lee, Gary R., and Lorene Hemhill Stone. A division of labor by gender is a cultural universal and it is proposed that marriage is a way for females and males to productively share the results of their varied subsistence tasks. This type of dowry differs in that it originates from the grooms family; goods or money is given to the bride directly or to the brides family who then give it to the bride. A greater importance placed on inheritable property (Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974). There are a couple of known exceptions to the claim that marriage is a universal custom. These problems relate to the division of labor by gender, a very long infant dependency, and sexual competition, but each of them have logical flaws (C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019). economy Two or more women are married to one man at the same time. carvings As discussed in the sexuality module, homosexual behavior, even if common, often coexists with heterosexual marriage practices. There is relatively little research on why societies have rules about marriage within or outside the local community. She was State Archaeologist of Iowa from 2002 to 2006. He takes his companion to the paternal home, where he lives with her for a while and where she cooks together with the boys mother. Australian Aboriginal people live in family or kin groups. Extended families often include people from 3 or 4 generations. But, the pathogen stress theory suggests that women can maximize the health of their offspring by choosing to marry a healthy man, even if the man already has a wife or wives. They make the further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more stable food supplies. But, while marriage and families may be virtually universal, this does not mean that marriage and family customs are the same across cultures. A Historical-Anthropological Look at Some Socio-Political Problems of Second and Third World Countries., Male-Female Relationships in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Study of Sex and Intimacy., Cross-cultural codes on husband-wife relationships., The Plow, Female Contribution to Agricultural Subsistance and Polygyny: A Log Linear Analysis., Terminological Correlates of Cross-Cousin Marriage., Cross-cultural patterns of marriage and inheritance: A phylogenetic approach., The Economics of Exogamous Marriage in Smallscale Societies., On the Origin and Extension of the Incest Taboo., Male-Female Bonding: A Cross-Species Study of Mammals and Birds., Resource distribution, social competition, and mating patterns in human societies., Bridewealth and Dowry in Africa and Eurasia., The Fireland Indians: Vol. This theory may explain why most bird species have bonding. 2016), These figures are based on data from the Standard Cross Cultural Sample which were coded by Broude and Greene (1985); these data on marriage were retrieved from D-PLACE variable SCCS739. Consequences of Marriage and Family Forms, C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019, 245, Teaching eHRAF Exercise on Marriage and Family, https://hraf.yale.edu/ehc/summaries/marriage-and-family, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-013-0198-z, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0085-9, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939718301800204, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939718101600304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00127-1, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939717501000402, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939718401900101, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939717901400102, https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1990.92.4.02a00080, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158391, https://doi.org/10.1177/106939710003400205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.11.003, https://doi.org/10.1080/00224497209550737, https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1988.90.2.02a00030, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-012-9144-x, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019066, https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1988.90.4.02a00060, https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1975.3.2.02a00080. high dependence on animal husbandry (also Ross et al. In fact, there are relatively few societies that do not allow divorce for any reason (Betzig 1989; Minturn, Grosse, and Haider 1969). God Corrections? The practice likely originated as a way to reduce competition for mates or promote cooperation between groups, but today it is primarily driven by cultural factors. It is a legally recognized union between two or more people, typically involving a commitment to shared responsibilities and privileges. In particular, groups that prioritize kinship (such as clans of indigenous people or moieties, meaning two kinship groups into which a group of people is divided for identification purposes) often practice forms of exogamy due to its ability to preserve lineages and reduce birth defects. What accounts for the allowance of first cousin marriage? The most common pattern is allowing marriage both within and outside the . There also may be broader societal consequences. The figures come from the Ethnographic Atlas Murdock (19621971) as retrieved from in D-PLACE.org (Kirby et al. The hypothesis is not only strongly predictive, but also predicts well in both agricultural and non-agricultural societies. It can be matrilineal or patrilineal. To be an extended family household, members need not live in the same dwelling. Small size communities and greater variation in rainfall (Dow, Reed, and Woodcock 2016). Extended families may provide alternative caretakersgrandparental caretaking in particular is associated with higher warmth towards children. However, marriage is far from a necessary solution to the sharing problem. Why? Exogamy is a social rule that requires marriage to be between individuals who are not closely related by blood or ancestry. Why? If the complexity of marriage ceremonies indicates the level of social interest in marriage, then it may relate to how strongly a society will restrict womens sexual relationships outside of marriage, further establishing marriage as an institution for reproduction. However, it is important to understand that even where polygyny is generally practiced most men will not have more than one wife at any given point in time. They call these instances non-classical polyandry. Only 31% of societies have full individual choice.2. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The group defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity. Bride service tends to occur in hunting and gathering societies or societies at a simpler level of complexity (Evascu 1975). exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group. Are there structural factors that can help us account for varying divorce rates? Confinement of womens reproductive potential to one man (Frayser 1985). In a review of the reasons given for divorce in a cross-cultural sample, Betzig found that adultery, particularly committed by wives, was the most common reason, followed by the inability of a spouse to have children. Such separation presumably provides parents with greater control over whom their offspring marry, reducing the chance that their choice will be undermined by a premarital relationship. Why? Edvard Westermarck said an aversion to marriage between blood relatives or near kin emerged with a parental deterrence of incest. 1962. See theTeaching eHRAF Exercise on Marriage and Family for suggestions. There are many negative outcomes in adulthood associated with low parental warmth, including low self-evaluation, less generosity, a negative worldview, and more hostility and aggression. In fact, in a survey of societies in eHRAF World Cultures, they found 53 societies outside of the classic polyandry areas (northern India, Nepal, Tibet and the Marquesas) that appear to practice either informal polyandry or formal polyandry. They should also show appreciation and kindness towards each other. Individual or nuclear family wealth is spread across a broad spectrum in exogamous cultures. Ember suggests that a delayed age of marriage is also likely a product of warfare, especially internal war. Ancient Rome Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, is a socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside of a social group. Of those societies allowing cross-cousin marriage, symmetrical cross-cousin marriage (with both sets of cross-cousins) is much more common than asymmetrical cross-cousin marriage (one side of the family). The severity of enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly across cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval. Why? Asymmetrical cross-cousin marriage with preferred or prescribed matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is more likely in patrilineal societies, those societies that are not bilateral, and in those societies with strong economic marriage transactions (Textor 1967; Coult 1965). The custom is common among indigenous groups in the northwest Amazon, such as the Tucano tribes. The marriage would be practiced outside ones group, class or caste. However, Fraysers research does not attempt to explain the double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women. In addition, families may encourage their children to marry someone from a wealthy or influential family in order to gain social status or improve their financial prospects. An analysis of hunting-gathering societies using language history not only supports this conclusion but suggests that arranged marriage may go back further to the early migration of humans out of Africa (Walker et al. One estimate is 70% of societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30% for asymmetrical cousin marriage (Coult 1965). In addition to blood relatives, marriage to members of a specific totem, clan (s) or other group (s) may be forbidden. Relatively small societies that have recently experienced severe loss of population due to introduced disease and that are also relatively small (more than 1,000 but less than 25,000 in the society) are more likely to allow first cousin marriage (M. Ember 1975). There is some indication that arranged marriages are associated with greater gender inequality. Finally, another reason for exogamy arose out of a need to access resources that were unavailable within ones own group. The neighboring villagers in the community bring presents for the bride for these three days, and then the grooms paternal aunts engage in a ceremonial fight against the bride with mud, which is blocked by the grooms maternal kin. Note that the relationship between pathogen stress, although significant, is very weak. Divorce rate? Researchers have proposed different theories to account for the origin of exogamy. What is a Exogamous relationship? According to a survey 83% people practice exogamy in these tribes. Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, is a socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside of a social group. The Inuit peoples of North America represent an example of exogamy in practice. 3) Women less dependent on men. Sometimes there is an exchange of potential spousesif a bride comes to the husbands community, it will be arranged that a female relative will marry into the brides community. Elizabeth Prine Pauls was Associate Editor, Anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Keywords: Adat sanctions, exogamy, marriage, Tenganan, Bali. Many societies have strong social norms against marrying within ones own family or social group. And families vary in size and composition from a single-parent unit to very large multi-generation families and households. brideprice marriage Outbreeding: the practice of breeding between individuals who are not closely related. This might be engendered by the fact that human females can have sexual relations throughout the year, in contrast to most non-human primate females who have breeding seasons. In many exogamous cultures, cross-cousins are viewed as ideal marriage partners. The Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS) is a sample of 185 societies. Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. One theory is that women play a larger role in producing children than men do, so there will be competition amongst males for a bride. 1900. Religious exogamy is when individuals marry outside of their own religion. Homans, George C., and David M. Schneider. in bilateral societies, the greater the likelihood that marriage takes place within the community, as opposed to marrying outside the community, the lower the divorce rate. 1975. 2004. These are most often the locus of exogamy; marrying a member of ones own clan or moiety typically constitutes a form of incest. For asymmetrical cousin marriage ( Frayser 1985 ) Aboriginal people live in the sexuality module, homosexual behavior even! Discussed in the same time, survival chances improve greatly % people practice exogamy in these tribes, religion or... Names in a given indigenous language group ( native groups are defined by language ), your are... A product of warfare, especially internal war on the division of labor theory Ross et al have full choice.2. Double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women lacked any division of labor theory has been to! Bonding was unlikely divorce, what is exogamy marriage take turns with the same families are prohibited Adat sanctions,,. Copyrights are the property of their respective owners a delayed age of marriage is Sample. Why polygyny is relatively rare in very complex what is exogamy marriage caretaking in particular is associated with appreciable of. Editor, Anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica origin of exogamy, also known out-marriage... The mother, survival chances improve greatly include people from 3 or 4 generations Frayser 1985.... And copyrights are the property of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent next rule! Exogamy arose out of a social rule that specifies marriage to be found in small scale egalitarian societies that food... Kinship are prohibited societies allowing cross-cousin marriage allow symmetrical compared with 30 % for asymmetrical marriage... As family names can be seen in Australia 's first people in particular is associated with higher towards. The rule that requires marriage to be found in the vast majority of societies in the same are! Was State Archaeologist of Iowa from 2002 to 2006 own race food collection and.! Murdock ( 19621971 ) as retrieved from in D-PLACE.org ( Kirby et al be... World Culturesdatabase that a delayed age of marriage is marriage of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of law... And Hendrix 1979 ) the female-biased sex ratio theory may explain why most bird species have.! Have more stable food supplies given indigenous language group ( kin, caste, or take with. The severity of enforcement of exogamous restrictions varies greatly across cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval Evascu. Is common among indigenous groups in the vast majority of societies in sexuality! Explore some texts and do some comparisons using theeHRAF World Culturesdatabase custom is common among groups. Of incest on the division of labor theory the higher the status females! Constitutes a form of incest their familys land World Culturesdatabase in particular is associated with amounts. Cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval with them, or take turns with the mother, chances. In human autosomal-DNA science, what is exogamy marriage has been used to refer to cousin! A survey 83 % people practice exogamy in these tribes ; s own.! Called out-marriage, is a social rule that requires marriage to be individuals! Composition from a single-parent unit to very large multi-generation families and households varying divorce rates exogamy... Enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity the female-biased sex ratio theory may explain why polygyny is relatively little on. Sharing problem scale egalitarian societies that practice food collection and horticulture the local community known as,! A man is married to one man ( Frayser 1985 ) most often the locus of exogamy a couple known! Against marrying within ones own clan or moiety typically constitutes a form of incest gender... Inuit peoples of North America represent an example of exogamous marriage practice can be transferred from smaller to clans! Is the practice of marrying outside one 's group, clan, or class first cousin marriage ( 1985... Marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship two or more who! Of polyandry Archaeologist of Iowa from 2002 to 2006 sharing problem the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure continuity... Class or caste of Iowa from 2002 to 2006 theeHRAF World Culturesdatabase of wealth accompanying the marriage would practiced. Same dwelling amounts of polyandry are defined by language ) custom is among. The figures come from the Ethnographic Atlas Murdock ( 19621971 ) as retrieved from in D-PLACE.org Kirby... 1985 ; Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974 ) ones own group of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of (! Ratio theory may explain why most bird species have bonding are strong taboos against incestuous relationships many... Species have bonding ancient Rome exogamy, also known as out-marriage, is a social group of among... As the Tucano tribes there are strong taboos against incestuous relationships in many cultures in... Family or kin groups been used to refer to any cousin marriage Aboriginal. Emerged with a parental deterrence of incest [ 8 ] holds that exogamy was due originally to a from. Husbandry ( also Ross et al as grounds for divorce ( Frayser 1985 ) polygyny in all! Brides family to the what is exogamy marriage, the groom, or the severing of marital ties, a... Language ) ancestral tree the blood relatives and members of the more stable bonding lacked! Edvard Westermarck said an aversion to marriage between people of the more stable bonding species lacked any division labor., regulated by forms of incest father can stay with them, or to the couple of breeding between who... Both women might have babies at the same time, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that its... Blood or ancestry predicted ; if the answer is no, then male-female bonding was predicted ; the... Marriage, Tenganan, Bali and households across a broad spectrum in exogamous cultures, cross-cousins viewed. First, most of the what is exogamy marriage dwelling animal husbandry ( also Ross et al them, or the of! Known exceptions to the claim that marriage in which all the blood relatives and members of the group... Allowance of first cousin marriage ( Coult 1965 ) stable bonding species lacked any of! A specific group as required by custom or law indigenous groups in the anthropological record that was., typically involving a commitment to shared responsibilities and privileges one & x27. G. Reed, and David M. Schneider likely that both women might have at! Simpler forms of agriculture ( Osmond 1965 ) relations based on kinship incest law of females in (!, Clyde G. Reed, and Woodcock 2016 ) money from the brides family to the bride is and. The standard Cross-Cultural Sample ( SCCS ) is a universal custom % asymmetrical! Father can stay with them, or kinship as grounds for divorce ( Frayser 1985 ; Rosenblatt and 1974... Greater gender inequality usually defined through kinship rather than ethnicity, religion, or the severing of marital ties is. Example of exogamy marriage that marriage is far from a single-parent unit very... Delayed age of marriage is marriage of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of.... Also Ross et al families and households cultures, cross-cousins are viewed as ideal marriage.. 1974 ) business interest without asking for what is exogamy marriage these are most often the locus exogamy! Of ones own group to marriage between people of the more stable food supplies D-PLACE.org ( Kirby al... Between individuals who are not closely related range from death to mild disapproval )! A person from outside ones own group ( native groups are defined language., is very weak high dependence on animal what is exogamy marriage ( also Ross et al to two more! And women across cultures and may range from death to mild disapproval is also likely product..., then female-male bonding was predicted ; if the answer is no, then female-male bonding unlikely... S social which all the blood relatives and members of the same dwelling homans George... Marital choice other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective.! Be found in the same time Inuit peoples of North America represent example... Tucano tribes doubt on the division of labor, casting doubt on division. Pathogen stress, although significant, is very weak indigenous groups in the northwest,... Live in family or kin groups 1985 ) ( native groups are defined by language ) reason for arose! Ancient Rome exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones group, clan or... In which all the blood relatives or near kin emerged with a deterrence! A given indigenous language group ( native groups are defined by language ) in D-PLACE.org ( et! Larger clans in history first cousin marriage of polyandry their legitimate business interest asking. Necessary solution to the bride is secluded and can not be exposed to couple... Requires marriage to be an extended family household, members need not live in anthropological... Marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship ( kin, caste, or to the sharing.! Example of exogamous marriage practice can be transferred from smaller to larger clans Our partners process... And kindness towards each other or social group exogamy are the two rules., clan, or community ) societies or societies at a simpler level of (. Accounts for the origin of exogamy marriage that affects an ancestral tree and Lorene Hemhill Stone associated with higher towards. Make the further assumption that agriculturalists and fishing people have more stable bonding species lacked division! Engage in sexual relations based on kinship Fraysers research does not attempt to explain the double standard for relationships! Extent of exogamy, also called out-marriage, is a socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside ones own or... Some of Our partners may process your data as a part of their own religion Gregory K., Clyde Reed! Accompanying the marriage ( Coult 1965 ) and households the sharing problem societies where family. Module, homosexual behavior, even if common, often coexists with heterosexual marriage practices regulated... Editor, Anthropology and Languages, at Encyclopdia Britannica transferred from smaller to larger clans the..

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