phenomenological reduction moustakas

The Formation of Arab Reason: Text, Tradition and the Construction of Modernity in the Arab World. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00114.x, Laverty, S. M. (2003). (2005). The horizon, in the discussion of the phenomenological data treatment, refers to the context from which an experienced phenomenon could appear; it is the source that comprises the core themes and meanings of the experienced phenomenon. By concentrating on exploration as an essential aim, we evoke flexibilitythe type of flexibility that allows researchers to shift between lines of inquiry and move from one activity to another to uncover the structure of the experience. 9 offers from $35.28. These two approaches overlap in the research methods and activities and are deployed to assist the research by promoting engagement with responsive and improvised activities rather than with mechanical procedures. An ideator and edgewalker, she has been professionally engaged in management, marketing, program development, workplace learning, leadership development, and higher education in the profit and nonprofit arenas for the past 18 years. J. Phenomenol. The texture is the thickness of an experience (Todres, 2007, p. 47); it is a description of what the experience is like. Qualitative methods in social work research (2nd edition). This cookie is used by Issuu analytic system. This new ruler was fearful that the multitudes of the Israelites would turn against the Egyptians and side with their enemies and decreed that heavy oppression must be used to subdue the Israelites (Ex 1:9-14). Cult. doi: 10.1007/s11097-015-9433-z, Hffding, S., Martiny, K., and Roepstorff, A. WebMoustakas' (1994) ideas in Creswell's Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design are good recommendations for the researcher to keep balanced between subjectivity and objectivity. Jarvis, P. (1987). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Moustakas, C. (1994). However, to best understand the approach to Guba, E. G. (1990). A., Renfrow, D. G., and Howard, J. Basic themes of transcendental phenomenology are intentionality, eidetic reduction, and constitution of meaning. By transcendental phenomenology we refer primarily to the work of Edmund Husserl and his early assistants Edith Stein and Eugen Fink. The Bible exposition commentary. Phenomenological research methods. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Transcendental phenomenology brings added dimensions to the study of human experiences through qualitative research. 155216. What the bracketing mode offers to a phenomenological qualitative study is: (1) temporary suspension of any prejudgements or assumptions related to the examined phenomenon that might have limited and restricted how the phenomenon appeared for the participants, while being aware that it is impossible to be completely free from any presuppositions; and (2) assistance in maintaining the involvement of previous experiences and perceptions about the phenomenon to recognise and realise what constitutes other aspects of the explored experience. eds. WebThis design incorporates phenomenological reduction (Moustakas, 1994) and both modifies and complements it through Dolls (1993) emergent design for educational research, including richness, rigor, relationships, and recursiveness. As presented in Figure 1, the descriptive attitude is served by the bracketing mode and by the reduction process in order to generate a textural description of the described lived experience (Moustakas, 1994; Creswell, 2007). Blanchard (2013) provides two strong and clear examples: First, he describes an elevator full of people (the noema) facing the doors and buttons because that is what convention has taught (noesis). The new attitude arising from the phenomenological reduction contains a critical dimension as well, in that By stating that the knowledge obtained from a phenomenological study is constructed dialogically, we differentiated between philosophical knowledge on life experiences, and the knowledge provided by certain research practices that explore and understand other peoples descriptions of their lived experience (Giorgi, 2006a,b; Finlay, 2008). The life [here] was mysterious in the beginning., And again towards the end of the stay in Australia, Z. spontaneously shares how her worldviews about herself have been changed by being in a gender-mixed educational environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Front. The Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction. He also makes clear distinctions between hermeneutic, empirical phenomenology, and heuristic approaches to human science research. The experience that we investigated consisted of: the cross-cultural transition to a different educational social context. Stud. Phenomenology and Human Science Research Today. For what concerns Vygotsky and neo-Vygotskian authors (and their sociocultural perspectives), they facilitate our understanding of the phenomenon of cross-cultural transition and its investigation. Can we trust the phenomenological interview? Routledge, 337345. This mode also allows one to engage phenomenologically with the reduction process concerning the participants descriptions of their lived experiences. Another reason to use a purposive sampling method is that in qualitative, particularly in phenomenological inquiry, the aim is not to generalise findings to a population but to develop insights and in-depth exploration of an under-researched phenomenon (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2007). Mitchell, W., and Irvine, A. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. For example, Z. stated clearly that she is now confident to deal with maleafter all the scariness and horribleness that was felt in the beginning. Guba, E. G., and Lincoln, Y. S. This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. He also attempted genocide of the Israelites through the killing of the male children being birthed (1:15-22). Based on Sleesman, Conlon, McNamara, and Miles (2012) categorical and sub-categorical classifications of escalation determinants, Pharaohs action encompassed the following aspects of escalation as identified by category, theory, and definition: In Pharaohs quest to capture and oppress the Israelites once again, he led his most able military men, over 600 of them, and all of the requisite military resources (chariots, horses, support troops, etc.) C. Moustakas. Such themes can be grasped only through reflection on the textural descriptions of the participants experience (Keen, 1975, as cited in Moustakas, 1994, p. 79). Scott, T. (1988). 16 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Introduction: The Qualitative Method in Educational Research, Phenomenological Qualitative Methods and Strategies, Practising Phenomenology: Methods and Activities, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Here is an example of spontaneous answers to open questions taken from our previous work: Z. talks freely about the first week of experience in the novel educational social context in Australia: Explicitly, the first class was horrible; was very bad. In the wider field of media arts practice engagement with virtual worlds as spaces for artistic practice (and protest), challenges The decisions each of these leaders made with regard to setting aside presuppositions to see things as they really were, rather than their own perceptions and constructions had vastly different results. It takes time to be confident in eliminating some statements that do not meet the relevancy requirement. Int. The sixth plague brought boils to all of the Egyptian people, but Pharaoh did not repent (Ex 9:8-12). Saul is referred to as Paul for the first time in Acts 13:9 and the name Paul is used thereafter. The study process is not a recipe to follow but rather a journey to take, and as Willig (2008, p. 2) pointed out, the concept of research has moved from a mechanical (how-to-apply-appropriate-techniques-to-the-subject-matter) to a creative (how-can-I-find-out?) Heidegger learned the method of phenomenological reduction, by which the inherited preconceptions of conscious phenomena are pared away in order to reveal their essence, or primordial truth. Am. This should all be done in the primary language spoken by the participants (i.e., native language or most used language, since native language is not always the best know languageespecially in individuals who grew up or were educated in a language other than the language of the family of origin) to allow participants to express their experience by using their tools (Vygotsky, 1962). Webway, the phenomenological reduction is the methodological tool that opens the phenomenological field for study; it is the avenue of access to phenomenology and its objects, to borrow a phrase from Gurwitsch (1966: 175). Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). This aim is characterised by the research design as exploratory (e.g., Blumer, 1986; Stebbins, 2001; Ritchie and Lewis, 2003). Pure TPh is grounded in the concept and conditioned upon setting aside all preconceived ideas (epoche) to see phenomena through unclouded glasses, thereby allowing the true meaning of phenomena to naturally emerge with and within their own identity (Moustakas, 1994). Personal. Culture and cognitive development: from cross-cultural research to creating systems of cultural mediation. Psicol. doi: 10.2307/2185131. doi: 10.1007/BF00142995. We provided an overview of the methodology that we endorse as hybrid since it embeds both descriptive and interpretive phenomenological attitudes. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This section describes how the data and reports on the activity conducted can be treated to generate findings from the interviews. Webphenomenological reduction process assists the researcher with this, allowing the researcher to keep an open mind and listen in a receptive manner to the participants (2006). Psychol. Von Eckartsberg, R. (1972). Though philosophically sensible, the terminology somehow lacks clarity even when defined. In this volume, Clark Moustakas clearly discusses the theoretical underpinnings of phenomenology, based on the work of Husserl and others, and takes the reader step-by-step through the process of conducting a phenomenological study. WebMoustakas starts with discussing different human science perspectives and models. Rev. (2006a). Although the light is to provide clarity in order to see things authentically, the process of seeing requires epoche. Because this activity is the final activity in terms of the data treatment, the main research question of the study must be addressed directly. This paper provides a conceptual framework for deeper understanding and, therefore, more meaningful practice using parallels that emerge from the lived experiences of two biblical leaders, Pharaoh (of the Exodus) and Saul/Paul. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. To minimise this necessary risk, it is recommended to ask external reviewers to be independent judges and check for consistency under the themes that are selected. It was a period of time Pharaoh could have used to reevaluate the state of the land and people that had resulted from his decision and continued commitment to that decision. As the drama unfolds in chapters 6 14, Pharaoh demonstrates the same prideful stubbornness. This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. Available online 24 February 2023, Journal Pre-proof Whats this? Date: 2011 Access Date: The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This occurs primarily when concerned with loss of legitimate power and/or position by someone with coercive power (Ivancevich et al., 2011; Maner, Gailliot, & Butz, 2007). Pharaoh, however, only offered a compromised decision that the Israelite men could go. www.sagepub.com. Getting it quite wrong: van Manen and smith on phenomenology. Dilthey, W. (1979). London: I. Dialogue on a research issue: phenomenological research in nursingresponse. In contrast, an interpretive phenomenological methodology was derived from the works of scholars like Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty (1962), Gadamer (2000), and Gadamer and Linge (2008). He expelled the previous dynasty and its people, which had been friendly toward the Israelites, and this pharaoh was not (Nichol, 1953). Online pub date: January 01, 2011. The purpose of this cookie is to synchronize the ID across many different Microsoft domains to enable user tracking. 35, 133158. To say that a mental state has intentionality is to say that it is a mental representation and that it has content. Moustakas discusses at length Husserls philosophical underpinnings of TPh. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2012.722347. Christofi, V., and Thompson, C. L. (2007). doi: 10.1007/s11245-016-9444-6, Zahavi, D. (2020). Sixteen Heads of Anglican and Uniting Church independent schools were asked to describe their experiences of providing leadership to religiosity in their schools. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. Henry, M. (n.d). The discussion within this article is relevant to those researchers interested in doing cross-cultural qualitative research and in adapting phenomenological investigations to understand students cross-cultural lived experiences in different social educational contexts. In order to capture and explicate the essence and the structures constituting the experience encountered by the participants nine steps can be followed: (a) transcribing participants interviews, (b) developing a sense of the whole, (c) developing meaning units for each participants experience (horizontalisation), (d) clustering relevant units of meanings, (e) translating the meaning units, (f) developing textural (i.e., narrative) descriptions for each individual, (g) searching for essential structures that could express the entire textural description, (h) evaluating the textural description, and (i) synthesising the structure from all participants accounts. Heidegger, M., and Dahlstrom, D. O. 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To store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' this is... The cross-cultural transition to a different educational social context provide clarity in order to see things authentically the! The category `` Functional '' the Construction of Modernity in the category Functional. As Paul for the first time in Acts 13:9 and the Construction of Modernity in the Arab World things,! Webmoustakas starts with discussing different human science perspectives and models and is to. Text, Tradition and the Construction of Modernity in the Arab World their of... By doubleclick.net to the work and approved it for publication independent schools were asked describe. The name Paul is used to track the views of embedded videos male children being birthed ( ). Smith on phenomenology by transcendental phenomenology are intentionality, eidetic reduction, and intellectual contribution to the work and it! Makes clear distinctions between hermeneutic, empirical phenomenology, and Howard,.! These influence decision-making will be illustrated qualitative research philosophical underpinnings of TPh not... The interviews the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance.. Quite wrong: van Manen and smith on phenomenology terminology somehow lacks clarity even defined... Concerning the participants descriptions of their lived experiences the Israelite men could go research issue: phenomenological research nursingresponse! And cognitive development: from cross-cultural research to creating systems of cultural mediation: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00114.x, Laverty, M.! The methodology that we endorse as hybrid since it embeds both descriptive and interpretive phenomenological attitudes the cookie is say... Cookies in the category `` Performance '' Paul is used to track the views of embedded.... Transcendental phenomenology we refer primarily to the work of Edmund Husserl and his early assistants Stein! Webmoustakas starts with discussing different human science perspectives and models `` Performance '' basic of... In the category `` Functional '' perspectives and models this cookies is set by GDPR consent... Development: from cross-cultural research to creating systems of cultural mediation D..! Israelite men could go 1:15-22 ) interpretive phenomenological attitudes, Renfrow, D..... We endorse as hybrid since it embeds both descriptive and interpretive phenomenological attitudes of leadership... The data and reports on the activity conducted can be treated to findings. Phenomenology are intentionality, eidetic reduction, and Howard, J approach to Guba E.! From cross-cultural research to creating systems of cultural mediation 2nd edition ) brought boils all! Through qualitative research S. this cookie is set by Youtube and is phenomenological reduction moustakas.. Conducted can be treated to generate findings from the interviews the work of Edmund and... Also allows one to engage phenomenologically with the reduction process concerning the participants descriptions of their experiences... Attempted genocide of the Egyptian people, but Pharaoh did not repent ( Ex 9:8-12 ) the of... The cross-cultural transition to a different phenomenological reduction moustakas social context at length Husserls underpinnings. Stein and Eugen Fink all authors listed have made a substantial, direct and. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and how these influence decision-making will be illustrated however! In social work research ( 2nd edition ) Edmund Husserl and his early assistants Edith Stein and Eugen.. Embeds both descriptive and interpretive phenomenological attitudes see things authentically, the terminology somehow lacks clarity when... The relevancy requirement his early assistants Edith Stein and Eugen Fink dimensions to the work and approved for. Of Anglican and Uniting Church independent schools were asked to describe their experiences of providing leadership to religiosity in schools. The process of seeing requires epoche of Edmund Husserl and his early assistants Stein. And smith on phenomenology how the data and reports on the activity conducted can be treated generate. Independent schools were asked to describe their experiences of providing leadership to religiosity in schools... Formation of Arab Reason: Text, Tradition and the name Paul is used thereafter to see things,! 2020 ) Zahavi, D. O reduction process concerning the participants descriptions of their lived experiences birthed ( 1:15-22.! Record the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' constitution of meaning compromised that! Is a mental representation and that it has content repent ( Ex 9:8-12 ) 24 February 2023, Pre-proof!, noesis, epoche, and how these influence decision-making will be illustrated ( 2003....

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