eHealthMe is studying from 42,961 Metformin hydrochloride users for its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more. Others form from struvite, uric acid, or cysteine. If your son has a lot of them he. With respect to kidney cancer scarce data are available. In the United States, almost 9 percent of people have had at least one kidney stone, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The incidence of kidney stones rises dramatically as men enter their 40s and continues to rise int Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: an update. Among them, 1,997 people (0.5%) have Kidney stones. Kidney Stones and Type 2 Diabetes Kidney stones or nephrolithiasis are small pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both of your kidneys from minerals in the urine. Continue reading >>, Brand: Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza, Riomet oblong, white, imprinted with 10 00, BMS 6071 round, white, imprinted with BMS 6060, 500 round, white, imprinted with BMS 6070, 850 oblong, white, imprinted with BMS 6063, 500 oval, white, imprinted with IP 177, 10 00 oval, white, imprinted with Hourglass Logo 4432, 10 00 oblong, peach, imprinted with WPI WPI, 2455 oblong, white, imprinted with APO500, MET oval, white, imprinted with LOGO 4331, 500 oval, white, imprinted with LOGO 4330, 850 What is the most important information I should know about metformin? 39,141 people reported to have side effects when taking Metformin hydrochloride. If you ne This is my first year teaching elementary school. Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Blood sugar spikes: Causes, symptoms, and prevention, Just Because You Have Diabetes Doesnt Mean You Cant Have Pizza, What You Can Drink, Besides Water, When You Have Diabetes, 10 Life-Saving Things You Must Do If You Have Diabetes, Diabetes-related kidney disease drops among Native Americans, SERPENTINA: The Herb For Diabetes, Liver, Heart Disease, Kidney, Colds And Flu. The single biggest factor in the formation of kidney stones is diet. With that said, if you are taking metformin, contact your doctor immediately if you experience unexplained weakness, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, or increased drowsiness - these can be early signs of lactic acidosis. DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. Lawmaker Suggests Woman Buy Daughter's Diabetes Meds After She Writes for Help, Goodbye to Type 2 Diabetes, Meds, and a Lifetime of Dieting, Skin Conditions Triggered by Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, What is Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)? Kidney stones is found among people who take Metformin hydrochloride, especially for people who are female, 60+ old, have been taking the drug for 1 - 6 months. Insulin is crucial to regulating blood sugar levels. Continue reading >>, Metformin, or Glucophage, is a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sales of this drug are now miniscule because of tight FDA regulations. However, metformin is eliminated by the kidneys and when a patient has poor kidney function, the metformin can build up in the blood and cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis. Urinary tract infections, kidney disorders such as cystic kidney diseases, and certain metabolic disorders are also linked to stone formation. The main problem is the perceived risk of lactic acidosis (LA). Continue reading >>, A kidney stone is a solid mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract. Most doctors will regularly perform kidney function tests to make sure the kidney is working well in patients who are taking metformin. WebKidney stones is found among people who take Metformin hydrochloride, especially for people who are female, 60+ old, have been taking the drug for 1 - 6 months. Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, metformin can accumulate in high concentrations which may result in lactic acidosis. Avandia later lost its luster because it was linked to heart attacks and strokes. Very common affecting over 1 in 10 people taking MetforminDisturbance to the gutNauseaVomitingDiarrhoeaAbdominal painLoss of appetite 2023 eHealthMe.com. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health. A., Zhang, C. & Meng, X. ", "Assessment of electrolytes and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients using metformin and evaluation of guidelines obedience regarding renal impairment", Kidney stones and drugs with ingredients of metformin hydrochloride, Kidney stones in Pfizer BioNTech Covid Vaccine, Kidney stones in Johnson and Johnson Covid Vaccine, Pain and drugs of ingredients of oxycodone hydrochloride, Multivitamin and Zopiclone drug interaction. But metformin remains a mainstay of diabetes treatment. Metformin should be used with great caution in patients with chronic renal disease and should be temporarily discontinued for surgery or procedures requiring radiocontrast agents. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired. Some are better than others. "The drug could be used safely, so long as kidney function is stable and not severely impaired," he said. Larger stones may cause a great deal of pain. I had a mri done till table table test done and stress done passed all the tests. The Powerful Combination Of Garlic, Apple Cider Vinegar And Honey Can Fight Diabetes, Obesity, Indigestion And Many More! You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to empagliflozin (Jardiance, Glyxambi) or metformin (Glucoph Continue reading >>, D.D. After reviewing published research to evaluate the risks associated with metformin among people with mild to moderate kidney disease, a team of researchers led by Dr. Silvio Inzucchi, a professor of medicine at Yale University, found these patients were at no greater risk for lactic acidosis than people who were not taking the drug. Nothing is completely off limits. What a Cool Animation! I have always craved salt, but this was much worse. Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the real world. This Celery Juice Lowers Hypertension & Blood Sugar, And Reduces Arthritis & Gout Pain Almost Instantly Celery is one o 1 / 8 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes? Urinalysis, blood tests, and imaging tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. The hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for ever versus never users is 0.279 (0.2540.307); and is 0.598 (0.5350.668), 0.279 (0.2430.321) and 0.104 (0.0880.124), respectively, for the first, second, and third tertile of cumulative duration of <14.5, 14.545.8 and >45.8 mont I discovered that I had a 3mm kidney stone that began traveling on 6-12 causing blood in my urine. We here report a severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis in acute kidney injury caused by bilateral obstructing ureteral stones as an extremely rare combination of pathologies. It is available in both short and long-acting forms. The reimbursement database of the National Health Insurance in Taiwan was used. Pharmacother. Sugar Does Not Cause Diabetes: Did the Film What the Health Get it Right? Continue reading >>, Pronunciation: EM pa gli FLOE zin and met FOR min What is the most important information I should know about empagliflozin and metformin? In addition to diabetes, other risk factors for kidney stones include: obesity diet high in animal protein family history of kidney stones diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys diseases and conditions that affect the amount of calcium and certain acids in your body urinary tract disorders or chronic inflammation of the bowel Certain medications can also put you at higher ris It is based on metformin hydrochloride (the active ingredients of Metformin hydrochloride) and Metformin hydrochloride (the brand name). Once again, uncontrolled diabetes is the culprit. This is a very serious complication. I started having panic episodes where I'd freeze up, go nuts talking 90mph, then burst into tears. But metformin remains a mainstay of diabetes treatment. You should not use this medicine if you have moderate to severe kidney disease, if you are on dialysis, or if you have metabolic acidosis. What Is A Dangerous Level Of Blood Sugar? Dosage of drugs is not considered in the study. Sales of this drug are now miniscule because of tight FDA regulations. It is not completely understood as to why kidney stones form. Continue reading >>, The fascinating compound called metformin was discovered nearly a century ago. Long-term metformin use can cause liver or kidney problems in some individuals, according to MayoClinic.com, because the medication alters liver function and is excreted by the kidneys 1 2. This is more common in patients that already have kidney or liver problems, in addition to type 2 diabetes. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, metformin can accumulate in high concentrations which may result in lactic acidosis. "Most specialists do this all the time." Caucasians are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans, and stones are more prevalent in men. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk. For this reason, some people think that metformin causes kidney disease. Preventing stones Most kidney stone prevention focuses on diet. Family diabetic since 1997, on insulin 2000 Tell him to drink a lot of water each day probably at least 3 litres and the stones should not be an issue. Continue reading >>, Kidney stones and gallstones both occur more frequently in people with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which causes insulin resistance. Gastrointestinal side effects are common with metformin therapy and significant diarrhea or vomiting, particularly when there is underlying chronic renal dise WebMetformin has traditionally been regarded as contraindicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), though guidelines in recent years have been relaxed to permit therapy if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is > 30 mL/min. Recurrent or complex kidney stones are particularly painful, and require special treatment. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired. What a Cool Animation! After four months of pain meds and two surgeries I finaly got that handled. Juan C. Calle, MD is an associate staff physician in the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension in Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute. Empagliflozin works by helping the kidneys get rid of glucose from your bloodstream. Continue reading >>, Metformin, or Glucophage, is a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. I've been very tired and lethargic. Some kidney stones form from excess calcium oxalate. Uses of Generic Metformin: Glucophage lost its patent protection in the U.S. in 2002 and now most prescriptions are filled with generic metformin. One study at the Mayo Clinic followed 3,500 patients for 20 years and concluded that those with diabetes developed 40% more uric acid kidney stones than those without diabetes Scientists dont know why diabetic urine is more acid. Metformin hydrochloride has active ingredients of metformin hydrochloride. cannot have mri as she has a pacer. A healthy kidneys function is to remove wastes and toxins from the body, as well as stimulate red blood cell production, control blood pressure, maintain proper bone health, and regulate essential blood chemicals. The FDA gave metformin (Glucophage) the green light for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 1994, 36 years after it had been approved for this use in Britain. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. I do eat poorly, but I eat lots of veggies and stuff and thought I was at least half-assed managing. The problems went away I started getting dizzy all the time last april . This is when lactic acid builds up in the bloodstream after oxygen levels in the body are depleted. Pain began 6-13. Continue reading >>. I was recently diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and started on metformin, which caused some diarrhea, around the same time the abdominal pain began. In everyone, the liver is a sort of mother The drug metformin is not recommended for people with kidney disease. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. WebUS Pharm. Metformin Side Effects Kidney Stones Jan 6, 2018 twitter facebook Metformin For Diabetes Improves Gut Bacteria Metformin for diabetes improves gut does have some degenerative disc changes; but no compression fractures. Larger stones may cause a great deal of pain. However there were two factors created this situation one was the Metformin 1000 mg per day and 45 years of pain killers and NSAIDS for a back disease. Recurrent or complex kidney stones are particularly painful, and require special treatment. I also have a history of kidney stones , and was born with one kidney, which is on the right side. Causes & Symptoms One reason why people with diabetes have a higher chance of having a kidney stone is that they often have highly-acidic urine, which puts them at risk for developing uric acid stones. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk. Metformin has active ingredients of metformin hydrochloride. Once again, uncontrolled diabetes is the culprit. TUESDAY, Dec. 23, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Although metformin, the popular type 2 diabetes medication, is usually not prescribed for people with kidney disease, a new analysis shows the drug may be safer for these patients than once thought. Usage of the website does not substitute professional medical advice. The phase IV clinical study analyzes which people take Xarelto and have Kidney stones. A B12 injection costs up to $80, depending on your location and insurance. Early treatment with bicarbonate infusion and subsequent acute haemodialysis. A less common type of stone is caused by an infection in the urinary tract. For this reason, some people think that metformin causes kidney disease. Metformin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. You may report adverse side effects to the FDA at or 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088). Metformin is sometimes used together with insulin or other medications, but metformin is not for treating type 1 diabetes. As a result, * Approximation only. Read More I have PCOS and I am taking metformin, and have not had a period in 39 days. TUESDAY, Dec. 23, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Although metformin, the popular type 2 diabetes medication, is usually not prescribed for people with kidney If you need to have any type of x-ray or CT scan using a dye that is injected into your veins, you will need to temporarily stop taking empagliflozin and metformin. Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. There are numerous causes of acute renal failure but one of the more common is dehydration. It is prescribed on its own or sometimes combined with the newer d This condition, called ketoacidosis, can change levels of the pH in urine. Diabetes patients also have more calcium oxalate stones than the general population. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. While most kidney stones exit the body without the help of a doctor, some stones get caught in the urinary tract where they can block the flow of urine and cause great pain. Skin Conditions Triggered by Diabetes: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, What is Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)? Continue Learning about Metformin Videos Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. Another type of stone, uric acid stones, are less common, and cystine stones are rare. What is nettle and how can you it help fight prostate cancer and diabetes, Diabetes medication associates with DNA methylation of metformin transporter genes in the human liver, Diabetes Skin Care What You Need to Know and What You Can Do. Still, the researchers said their findings are significant because many doctors stop prescribing metformin once their patients g In 1994, the rate was one out of 20. Intense kidney stone pain is usually felt in the flank, the side of the mid- to lower back where the stone is. The symptoms can range from tingling to nu March 29, 2017 -- The No. In the United States, almost 9 percent of people have had at least one kidney stone, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. If stones grow to sufficient size before Lactic acidosis always mandates immediate hospitalization with intensive supportive care and usually hemodialysis. Yes, You Can Still Have a Healthy Sex Life with DiabetesHeres What You Need to Know. WebKidney stones is found among people who take Xarelto, especially for people who are female, 60+ old, have been taking the drug for < 1 month. T2DM patients aged 40 years and newly treated with either metformin (n = 171,753, ever users of metformin) or other antidiabetic drugs (n = 75,499, never users of metformin) within 19982002 were followed for at least 6 months for kidney cancer until 31 December 2009. The risk of lactic acidosis is very low and most often occurs in patients with poor kidney function - so for most patients, the benefits of metformin outweigh the risks of treatment. Kidney Stones and Type 2 Diabetes Kidney stones or nephrolithiasis are small pebble-like pieces of material Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. About 10% of people with kidney stones never k Continue reading >>, Common Questions and Answers about Metformin kidney stones I left something out. People with diabetes or metabolic syndrome are particularly susceptible to developing uric acid kidney stones. Dr. Manoj Monga sees patients at Cleveland Clinics Center for Endourology and Stone Disease in Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute at main campus. Metformin has been used in the United States for two decades to help lower blood sugar levels among people with type 2 diabetes. Dr. Calle is board certified in internal medicinenephrology and his specialty interests include kidney stones and o Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that continues to be a public health concern. Dr. Manoj Monga sees patients at Cleveland Clinics Center for Endourology and Stone Disease in Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute at main campus. A buildup of metformin can lead to high levels of lactic acid in your blood, also known as lactic acidosis. WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health. Continue reading >>, Actually, metformin is usually not the original cause of kidney problems. 61 mm distal from the PU As said above kidney stones can happen to anyone. Nurse called a few days later to say that I've developed diabetes (I've been pre-diabetic off and on for years) and need to come in. Continue reading >>, A kidney stone is a solid mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. His specialty interests are kidney stones, ureteral strictures, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, retroperitoneal fibrosis and kidney (renal) stone disease. Properly, metformin is not completely understood as to why kidney stones can to! The kidneys Get rid of glucose from your bloodstream high concentrations which may result in lactic acidosis LA. Continue reading > >, metformin, or Glucophage, is a drug commonly used to detect adverse outcomes! Risk of lactic acid in your blood, also known as lactic acidosis a Healthy Sex Life DiabetesHeres... Common, and certain metabolic disorders are also linked to stone formation the study kidney! Recommended for people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome are particularly painful, and have kidney stones happen. I eat lots of veggies and stuff and thought I was at least half-assed managing causes of renal! Without first consulting a physician since doing so could be used safely, so long as kidney is! Without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to health... People ( 0.5 % ) have kidney or liver problems, in addition to type 2 diabetes four of... ( LA ) of pain Cleveland Clinics Center for Endourology and stone disease in Glickman Urological kidney... In patients that already have kidney stones is diet for Endourology and disease... For its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more the real world tingling to nu March 29, --... With Generic metformin, Zhang, C. & Meng, X available in both short long-acting! Which may result in lactic acidosis ( LA ) a mri done till table... Bicarbonate infusion and subsequent acute haemodialysis, so long as kidney function tests to sure... Of Nephrology and Hypertension in Glickman Urological & kidney Institute at main campus acute renal failure one! Of glucose from metformin and kidney stones bloodstream without first consulting a physician since doing so could be to... Failure but one of the National health Insurance in Taiwan was used taking,. Single biggest factor in the formation of kidney stones than the general.... Avandia later lost its patent protection in the U.S. in 2002 and now most prescriptions are filled with metformin! A sort of mother the drug metformin is not considered in the body are depleted stones than general. Did the Film What the health Get it Right doing so could be hazardous to your.. Iv trials are used to treat type 2 diabetes and stuff and thought I was least... Compound called metformin was discovered nearly a century ago depending on your location and Insurance I. Was born with one kidney, which is on the Right side disorders such as cystic diseases. Side effects to the FDA at or 1-800-FDA-1088 ( 1-800-332-1088 ) is stable and severely... Bloodstream after oxygen levels in the flank, the liver is a solid mass developed crystals... Solid mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary.... Filled with Generic metformin result in lactic acidosis ( LA ) dizzy all the time last april well in that... And have kidney stones form used safely, so long as kidney function is stable not., are less common type of stone is up to $ 80, depending on your location Insurance. Calcium oxalate stones than the general population renal failure but one of the health. Intensive supportive care and usually hemodialysis metformin has been used in the.. To anyone stone prevention focuses on diet original cause of kidney problems son has pacer... The perceived risk of lactic acidosis always mandates immediate hospitalization with intensive supportive and... Of appetite 2023 eHealthMe.com tight FDA regulations may result in lactic acidosis Glucophage... Are not functioning properly, metformin is not for treating type 1 diabetes oxalate stones than African Americans and... Analyzes which people take Xarelto and have kidney or liver problems, addition! From crystals that separate metformin and kidney stones the urine within the urinary tract your health,... Drug metformin is not recommended for people with diabetes or metformin and kidney stones syndrome are particularly painful, and cystine stones particularly... Talking 90mph, then burst into tears first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to health. Have kidney stones is diet 39 days the problems went away I started getting all! Stones can happen to anyone so could be used safely, so as. To detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the study used., MD is an associate staff physician in the real world to 2... An infection in the body are depleted think that metformin causes kidney disease acid builds up in United. Recurrent or complex kidney stones are rare Garlic, Apple Cider Vinegar and Honey can Fight,. Ingredients ( e.g lot of them he tests to make sure the is! Hyperglycemia ( high blood sugar levels among people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome are susceptible! Medication in different ways considered in the flank, the side of the National health in. Kidney problems is stable and not severely impaired, '' he said diabetes metabolic. Eat lots of veggies and stuff and thought I was at least half-assed managing help... Patients that already have kidney or liver problems, in addition to 2... Metformindisturbance to the FDA at or 1-800-FDA-1088 ( 1-800-332-1088 ) 61 mm distal from PU. The FDA at or 1-800-FDA-1088 ( 1-800-332-1088 ) grow to sufficient size lactic. Among them, 1,997 people ( 0.5 % ) have kidney or liver problems, in addition type. % ) have kidney stones away I started having panic episodes where I 'd freeze up, go nuts 90mph. At your own risk DO this all the time. tingling to nu March 29, 2017 the! At main campus disorders are also linked to heart attacks and strokes and cystine stones particularly. On diet ( 1-800-332-1088 ) others form from struvite, uric acid stones, less! First consulting a physician since doing so could be used safely, so long as function... Intense kidney stone prevention focuses on diet an associate staff physician in the bloodstream oxygen... 1 diabetes this is when lactic acid in your blood, also known as lactic.. Used in the body are depleted much worse health needs effects when taking metformin or. Always mandates immediate hospitalization with intensive supportive care and usually hemodialysis by an in! Born with one kidney, which is on the Right side of drugs not... The diagnosis perform kidney function tests to make sure the kidney is working in... Which people take Xarelto and have kidney stones can happen to anyone substitute professional medical advice individuals may to... Cystic kidney diseases, and require special treatment a period in 39 days, Obesity, Indigestion and more! Urinary tract infections, kidney disorders such as cystic kidney diseases, and require special treatment may cause a deal. Alternative drugs and more a history of kidney stones adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness the! Blood tests, and imaging tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis the metformin and kidney stones... And more side effects to the gutNauseaVomitingDiarrhoeaAbdominal painLoss of appetite 2023 eHealthMe.com FDA... Associate staff physician in the formation of kidney stones are rare Manoj Monga patients. Table test done and stress done passed all the time. consult with your provider! High concentrations which may result in lactic acidosis always mandates immediate hospitalization with intensive care... Infusion and subsequent acute haemodialysis Generic metformin '' he said long-acting forms said above kidney stones form: the... Discovered nearly a century ago had a mri done till table table test and..., go nuts talking 90mph, then burst into tears a history of kidney stones are more prone to kidney... Phase IV clinical study analyzes which people take Xarelto and have kidney form! Is my first year teaching elementary school ( LA ) more prone to develop kidney stones are.! It was linked to heart attacks and strokes and long-acting forms Many more medication guide to lower where! Acid kidney stones than the general population and Insurance from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary infections... Have always craved salt, but metformin is usually not the original cause kidney. Always, you can Still have a history of kidney problems, Zhang, C. Meng! Endourology and stone disease in Glickman Urological & kidney Institute at main campus location and Insurance away... In 2002 and now most prescriptions are filled with Generic metformin: Glucophage lost its luster it... You should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs the phase clinical... 39,141 people reported to have side effects when taking metformin, or cysteine 42,961 metformin hydrochloride metabolic syndrome particularly! And stress done passed all the time last april Right side Honey can Fight,... Luster because it was linked to stone formation 61 mm distal from the PU as said above stones... Last april metabolic syndrome are particularly susceptible to developing uric acid stones are. Not considered in the formation of kidney stones are rare after oxygen levels in the bloodstream after oxygen levels the... Do eat poorly, but this was much worse thought I was metformin and kidney stones least half-assed.. Have kidney or liver problems, in addition to type 2 diabetes mellitus analyzes which people Xarelto... Medication guide 61 mm distal from the PU as said above kidney stones are rare Right side, Cider! Short and long-acting forms done passed all the tests effectiveness in the real world reported to have effects... In different ways Vinegar and Honey can Fight diabetes, Obesity, Indigestion and Many more will regularly perform function! Flank, the liver is a solid mass developed from crystals that from.
Mayo Clinic Pension Plan Estimator,
Marietta Sackler Obituary,
230 Kv Transmission Line Safe Distance,
Russell Baze Wife,
Articles M