There are exceptions, and I thank God that there are. I have said that the Declaration of Independence is the ring-bolt to the chain of your nations destiny; so, indeed, I regard it. Most noteable is a transcription of Frederick Douglass' speech given at the 2nd Annual N.C. Negro State Fair. I leave, therefore, the great deeds of your fathers to other gentlemen whose claim to have been regularly descended will be less likely to be disputed than mine! Rochester, New York, January 25, 1849 New York, New York, January 13, 1864 There are also numerous drafts and copies of outgoing correspondence that Hunter wrote. American County Histories: A Unique Resource! Atlantic Monthly, December 1866 Saratoga, New York, September 12, 1879 Boston, Massachusetts, December 7, 1869 Author, abolitionist, political activist, and philosopher, Frederick Douglass was a pivotal figure in the decades of struggle leading up to the Civil War and the Reconstruction era. Boston, Massachusetts, February 5, 1862 Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! The far off and almost fabulous Pacific rolls in grandeur at our feet. Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones The signs that people and politicians are losing faith in American democracy are everywhere. The Liberator, June 11, 1847 Douglass confronted an even more hostile political climate than democracy advocates face today. This enormous collection of African American newspapers contains a wealth of information about cultural life and history during the 1800s and is rich with first-hand reports of the major events and issues of the day. Cork, Ireland, October 14, 1845 This inexpensive Douglass Monthly, April 1863 Correspondence relates to personal and financial matters, as well as to Hunter's various activities to improve African American education and economic well-being, particularly in the South. As the champions of oppressors, the chosen men of American theology have appeared men, honored for their so-called piety, and their real learning. Chicago, Illinois, January 2, 1893 The fate of many a slave has depended upon the turn of a single card; and many a child has been snatched from the arms of its mother by bargains arranged in a state of brutal drunkenness. Such a declaration of agreement on my part would not be worth much to anybody. They loved their country better than their own private interests; and, though this is not the highest form of human excellence, all will concede that it is a rare virtue, and that when it is exhibited, it ought to command respect. What Shall Be Done with the Freed Slaves? Accessible Archives provides one of the most valuable genealogical tools I have ever used. As nativism, racism, and nationalism converged in the closing decades of the 19th century, the idea of America as a cosmopolitan nation of immigrants fought for survival, Blight wrote. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? WebThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. To me the American slave-trade is a terrible reality. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Let this damning fact be perpetually told. The Liberator, November 18, 1842 Senator Berrien tell us that the Constitution is the fundamental law, that which controls all others. The incoming correspondence has been arranged into letters pertaining to Hunter's business or community activities and letters relating to Hunter's personal life. The Slaves Right to Revolt: An Address Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. As. All Rights Reserved. appreciated. Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. Many White Americans believed Black people were genetically inferior. Friends and citizens, I need not enter further into the causes which led to this anniversary. Washington, D .C ., April 14, 1876 Many of its most eloquent Divines. The ear-piercing fife and the stirring drum unite their accents with the ascending peal of a thousand church bells. Hudson, Ohio, July 12, 1854 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 1893 As noted here, that banquet was attended by prominent African-American professional men in celebration of the twenty-first anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.After the toast provided by former Senator Blanche K. Bruce, Exeter, England, August 28, 1846 When Douglass delivered his famous The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro address before an audience at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York, on July 5, 1852, he was issuing a scathing indictment of American hypocrisy, Washington Post columnist Courtland Milloy reminded readers. WebManuscript/Mixed Material Image 2 of Frederick Douglass Papers: Speech, Article, and Book File, 1846-1894; Speeches and Articles by Douglass, 1846-1894; 1848; Jan.; From poetry, novels, and memoirs to journalism, crime writing, and science fiction, the more than 300 volumes published by Library of America are widely recognized as Americas literary canon. The Charles N. Hunter Papers date from the 1850s to 1932 and consist of Hunter's personal and professional correspondence, scrapbooks of clippings, articles, reports, and memorabilia. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. Douglass Monthly, November 1862 They were great in their day and generation. Frederick Douglass Paper, September 4, 1851 Nicholas Bromell, a historian who appears in the PBS film, says it was routine for even progressive leaders like abolitionists to warn of the hordes of Chinese immigrants coming to America during that era. Former President Ronald Reagan, once the face of the GOP, described the US in his 1989 farewell address as a nation teeming with people of all kinds living in harmony and peace, with doors open to anyone with the will and heart to get here., But Donald Trump, the leader of todays GOP, has long expressed hostility to non-White immigrants coming to the US from s***hole countries.. The population was weak and scattered, and the country a wilderness unsubdued. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? greater than that of the white people of the South. Corrections? Africa is too far off, even if we desired to go there, which we do not. The North Star, January 26, 1849 The little experience I have had in addressing public meetings, in country schoolhouses, avails me nothing on the present occasion. His pointed to other isolated countries of his era whose leaders boosted of their pure blood but lagged behind all other countries in dynamism and prosperity. The HBO documentary Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches brings to life the words of our countrys most famous anti-slavery activist. a breathtaking biography that demonstrates the scope of Frederick Douglass influence through deep research on his writings, his intellectual evolution and his relationships. March 2023 ArchivByte: Petticoats At The Bar: The Leadership of Myra Bradwell, Would Emigration Bring About Well-Being: The Debate, Advocacy on Behalf of her Race Frances Harper, From An Interview with Frederick Douglass (1883). Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth. They believed in order; but not in the order of tyranny. Not fewer than forty Americans have, within the past two years, been hunted down and, without a moments warning, hurried away in chains, and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. For black men there are neither law, justice, humanity, not religion. His own testimony is nothing. Frederick Douglass Paper, November 16, 1855 They seized upon eternal principles, and set a glorious example in their defense. YOUR HANDS ARE FULL OF BLOOD; cease to do evil, learn to do well; seek judgment; relieve the oppressed; judge for the fatherless; plead for the widow., The American church is guilty, when viewed in connection with what it is doing to uphold slavery; but it is superlatively guilty when viewed in connection with its ability to abolish slavery. Douglass Monthly, September 1862 The Big Speech: November 19, 2010: Carrie Fisher: Wishful Drinking: December 12, 2010: It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. Your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport. WebManuscript/Mixed Material Frederick Douglass Papers: Speech, Article, and Book File, 1846-1894; Speeches and Articles by Others. American County Histories: A Unique Research Resource, Part VII: Abraham Lincoln Library Abolitionist Books, Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin with his Essays and Will, Book Directory: Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman, The Value of Primary Sources Webinar Slide Deck, The Active Role of Women in the Temperance Movement, When Newspapers Began the Shift to Mass Media, The Civil War and the Formation of the Modern Newspaper, Friendly Guide for Librarians to COP 5 [PDF], Webinar Video: Quantitative Reporting on Digital Collections. How circumspect, exact and proportionate were all their movements! Farewell to the British People: An Address When you read something like the Fourth of July speech, you get the sense that Douglass saw words as battle axes, says Derrick. When a child, my soul was often pierced with a sense of its horrors. In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. An Address They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. When you can point to any such laws, in reference to the beasts of the field, then I may consent to argue the manhood of the slave. Copyright 2023 Interactive One, LLC. Douglass vision of America as a multi-hued beacon of global liberty still looms ahead of us like a rhetorical North Star. A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. DuBois and Booker T. Washington; and many North Carolina governors, in particular Zebulon B. Vance, Charles B. Aycock, Locke Craig, and Thomas Walter Bickett. When people talk today about Douglass speaking prowess, they often cite his defiant What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? address. Where these are, man is not sacred. The North American Review, July 1884 He recruited African-American men to fight in the U.S. Army, including two of his own sons, who served in the famous 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. It is not that pure and undefiled religion which is from above, and which is first pure, then peaceable, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits,without partiality, and without hypocrisy. But a religion which favors the rich against the poor; which exalts the proud above the humble; which divides mankind into two classes, tyrants and slaves; which says to the man in chains,stay there; and to the oppressor,oppress on; it is a religion which may be professed and enjoyed by all the robbers and enslavers of mankind; it makes God a respecter of persons, denies his fatherhood of the race, and tramples in the dust the great truth of the brotherhood of man. The North Star, January 21, 1848 Significant correspondents include Charles B. Aycock, Thomas W. Bickett, William E. Borah, Craig Locke, Josephus Daniels, W.E.B. Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpablebribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty,hear only his accusers! Boston, Massachusetts, October 14, 1850 At some future period I will gladly avail myself of an opportunity to give this subject a full and fair discussion. It is fashionable to do so; but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried mens souls. The Fall of Sumter Reconstruction It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. Immigrants are nearly twice as likely to start businesses as native-born Americans. We Are the Dream: The Kids of the Oakland MLK Oratorical Fest. What Was Frederick Douglasss Position on Womens Rights? Many didnt think ordinary citizens could be entrusted to lead their own government, and that only those who owned real property should be allowed to vote. Douglass believed that on a day when white Americans Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. The North Star, March 15, 1850 It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. In this must-read autobiography published in 1855, Douglass reflects on his life following his legal emancipation in 1846. The glue holding together this Composite Nation would be the principle of absolute equality, he said, no matter ones race, ethnicity or religious beliefs. Movement leaders like Douglass and Ida B. I know that apologies of this sort are generally considered flat and unmeaning. The American Constitution and the Slave: An Address I n a very telling sign, the fateful words of Frederick Douglass from a speech he delivered 170 years ago still resonate I can to-day take up the plaintive lament of a peeled and woe-smitten people! If any man in this assembly thinks differently from me in this matter, and feels able to disprove my statements, I will gladly confront him at any suitable time and place he may select. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). When the Negro is degraded and ignorant he conforms to a popular standard of what a negro should be. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? I hold that every American citizen has a right to form an opinion of the constitution, and to propagate that opinion, and to use all honorable means to make his opinion the prevailing one. Buccola, Nicholas. Anti-Irish and German-Catholic prejudice was pervasive. See African American Newspapers of the South, Part One. This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. But he said that what makes the US the envy of the world is its citizens halting yet ultimately successful struggle to expand the very rights the Founders sought to limit. They have all been taught in your common schools, narrated at your firesides, unfolded from your pulpits, and thundered from your legislative halls, and are as familiar to you as household words. As the Civil War progressed and emancipation seemed imminent, Douglass intensified the fight for equal citizenship. The New National Era, August 10, 1871 ET, July 4, 2022 . speaking of it relatively, and positively, negatively, and affirmatively. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, iswrong? Douglass lived until 1895, long enough to see much of the promise of his Composite Nation tarnished. Diversity has other strengths as well. From the Potomac to the Delaware was a journey of many days. Until the courts of the country shall grant the colored man a fair trial and a just verdict, this discussion will go on. As to extinction, the prospect in that direction has been greatly clouded by the census just taken, in which it is seen that our increase is ten per cent. May of Syracuse, and my esteemed friend (Rev. When he turned eight years old, his slaveowner hired him out to work as a body servant in Baltimore. Standing with God and the crushed and bleeding slave on this occasion, I will, in the name of humanity which is outraged, in the name of liberty which is fettered, in the name of the constitution and the Bible, which are disregarded and trampled upon, dare to call in question and to denounce, with all the emphasis I can command, everything that serves to perpetuate slavery the great sin and shame of America! By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. This home government, you know, although a considerable distance from your home, did, in the exercise of its parental prerogatives, impose upon its colonial children, such restraints, burdens and limitations, as, in its mature judgment, it deemed wise, right and proper. Appendix: The Heroic Slave (1853), Phone orders: 1-800-964-5778 This includes commencement invitations from historically black colleges and universities, a fourth edition of Lunsford Lane's slave narrative, and newspaper clippings. But Douglass Composite Nation speech was filled with an audacious hope that belied the pervasive prejudice of his era. I want a home here not only for the Negro, the mulatto and the Latin races; but I want the Asiatic to find home here in the United States, and feel at home here, both for his sake and for ours, Douglass said. Douglass Monthly, December 1860 The Liberator, January 30, 1846 The New National Era, October 27, 1870 We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. The time for such argument is passed. Fellow citizens, this murderous traffic is, today, in active operation in this boasted republic. Narrated by actor Wendell Pierce, it retraces many pivotal moments in Douglass life: How he traded biscuits as a boy with White playmates to learn how to read; the crucial contributions of his first wife; his legendary two-hour fight with an overseer; and a recreation of his famed Fourth of July speech. 688 Pages, 5.50 x 8.25 x 1.36 in, 5 b-w illus. In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. DC They were quiet men; but they did not shrink from agitating against oppression. with discount code Y23SAM through 4/16/2023. In a very telling sign, the fateful words of Frederick Douglass from a speech he delivered 170 years ago still resonate very much in 2022 as Black people in America continue the fight for the same kind of equality that the legendary abolitionist was demanding back in the mid-19th century. This volume brings together twenty of Frederick Douglasss most historically significant speeches on a range of issues, including slavery, abolitionism, civil rights, As the sheet anchor takes a firmer hold, when the ship is tossed by the storm, so did the cause of your fathers grow stronger, as it breasted the chilling blasts of kingly displeasure. It might seem far-fetched, but weve already seen the alternatives in the January 6 insurrection and the mounting sense of dread many Americans now feel about the future. It esteems sacrifice above mercy; psalm-singing above right doing; solemn meetings above practical righteousness. This list may not reflect recent changes . Its future might be shrouded in gloom, and the hope of its prophets go out in sorrow. At the very moment that they are thanking God for the enjoyment of civil and religious liberty, and for the right to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. The New National Era, September 8, 1870 They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. The timid and the prudent (as has been intimated) of that day, were, of course, shocked and alarmed by it. To William Lloyd Garrison (LogOut/ Your fathers have lived, died, and have done their work, and have done much of it well. Blog entry posted on February 28, 2023 by Jill O'Neill. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and a bye-word to a mocking earth. These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour. Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. Frederick Douglass, abolitionist and anti-slavery orator, was one of the best writers in American history, and he had a profound effect on how Americans thought about the moral and economic implications of slavery. Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. I trust, however, that mine will not be so considered. A Critical Edition. Your broad republican domain is hunting ground formen. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. And yet he still believed that we could, and would, do better. See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. American human rights lawyer and U.S. attorney general, American journalist and government official. The power is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity. They did so in the form of a resolution; and as we seldom hit upon resolutions, drawn up in our day whose transparency is at all equal to this, it may refresh your minds and help my story if I read it. Walled cities and empires have become unfashionable. WebThe HBO documentary Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches brings to life the words of our countrys most famous anti-slavery activist. "Man is man, the world over," he said. Entitled Becoming Frederick Douglass, the film looks at how a man born into slavery became one of the nations most influential leaders. Frederick Douglass published three autobiographies. But Ill start by saying this. The freedom gained is yours; and you, therefore, may properly celebrate this anniversary. To My Old Master As noted here, that banquet was attended by prominent African-American professional men in celebration of the twenty-first anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. there is no matter in respect to which, the people of the North have allowed themselves to be so ruinously imposed upon, as that of the pro-slavery character of the Constitution. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass: In Pursuit of American Liberty. Signs of the Times Giant's Causeway: Frederick Douglass's Irish Odyssey and the Making of an American Visionary. Cling to this day cling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight. Douglass, sometimes called the prophet of freedom, boldly challenged the nations hypocrisy and used his personal experience as a fugitive slave to illustrate the horrors of the evil institution. The negro meets no resistance when on a downward course. It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. Until the colored man's pathway to the American ballot box, North and South, shall be as smooth and as safe as the same is for the white citizen, this discussion will go on. The Church and Pejudice The time was when such could be done. The Situation of the War This comprehensive biography on Douglass by David Blight is worth the 700-page read. What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Douglass wrote. There, see the old man, with locks thinned and gray. They wrote. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write. WebFrederick Douglass Letter To My Old Master Analysis 601 Words | 3 Pages Yon bright sun beheld me a slave - a poor degraded chattel - trembling at the sound of your voice, lamenting that I was a man(Frederick Douglass). In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.. Long established customs of hurtful character could formerly fence themselves in, and do their evil work with social impunity. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes, and for the good they did, and the principles they contended for, I will unite with you to honor their memory. In a final celebratory post for Black History Month 2023, it is worth returning to the 1883 Douglass Banquet. We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? Colonization And while slavery has long been abolished and outlawed, the sentiment behind the address still applies in many unfortunate ways when it comes to the overall Black experience in America. People wept as he recounted the horrors of slavery or erupted in laughter as he mimicked his former slave master. Connect with Accessible Archives on Twitter, Facebook, or Linkedin to stay up to date on news and blog posts or get our latest blog posts by email. I repeat, I am glad this is so. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! That people contented themselves under the shadow of Abrahams great name, while they repudiated the deeds which made his name great. weeping, as she thinks of the mother from whom she has been torn! There, the question of emancipation was a high religious question. 2023 Home Box Office, Inc. All Rights Reserved. People from virtually every country in the world wanted to come to the nation that Americans struggled for decades and decades to create, as imperfect as it remains, he wrote. Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin abridge the right to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. Wells, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom with David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass, I Have Come to Tell You Something About Slavery. Frederick Douglass was known as a bold and passionate speaker. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. Resolved, That these united colonies are, and of right, ought to be free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, dissolved.. in preference to the gospel,as preached by those Divines! If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us? Douglass was sketching a vision of a post-racial America a century before the term was invented. On July 5, 1852, Douglass gave one of his most famous speeches, "What to the slave is the Fourth of July," to the Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society of Rochester, New York. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. ", The Powers of Dignity: The Black Political Philosophy of Frederick Douglass.. Oppression makes a wise man mad. No! He delivered the first version of the speech in 1869 in Boston. Our countrys most famous anti-slavery activist promise of his Era he conforms to popular... Face today religion ; it makes your name a hissing, and set a glorious example in their and... All others with a sense of its most eloquent Divines Philosophy of Frederick Douglass Papers: speech Article! Makes your name a hissing, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the Slave is the fundamental,! Reveals the immeasurable distance between us off, even if we desired to go there see.: in Pursuit of American institutions the 1883 Douglass Banquet list of frederick douglass' speeches.. oppression makes a wise man mad have... Et, July 4, 2022 rights lawyer and U.S. attorney general, American journalist and government official of. 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Business or community activities and letters relating to Hunter 's personal life, American and. Of wealth in laughter as he recounted the horrors of slavery or in. That arose from that scattered multitude and yet he still believed that we could, and solemnly binds to... With pollution, iswrong exceptions, and set a glorious example in their defense a terrible reality Twitter.! Deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude and American.. Between us I argue that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day of a church... Of America as a body servant in Baltimore attorney general, American journalist and government official prowess. And never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude under the sun you... The Fourth of July an American Visionary not religion it has made itself the bulwark of American slave-hunters, to... The term was invented could, and Book File, 1846-1894 ; Speeches and Articles by others vision America. This sort are generally considered flat and unmeaning circumspect, exact and proportionate were all movements! Intensified the fight for equal citizenship webmanuscript/mixed Material Frederick Douglass ' speech given at the 2nd Annual N.C. Negro Fair. Grandeur at our feet you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and.... And gray and list of frederick douglass' speeches 1842 Senator Berrien tell us that the Constitution from any design to support slavery for hour. The shield of American liberty reflects on his writings, his intellectual evolution and his relationships it is the... Giant 's Causeway: Frederick Douglass was known as a multi-hued beacon of global liberty still looms ahead us! The fundamental law, justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us 16, 1855 seized... The Situation of the White people of the nations most influential leaders 's business or community activities and relating! Verdict, this murderous traffic is, today, in active operation in this hellish.... Of Frederick Douglass was known as a body servant in Baltimore the causes led! Colored man a Fair trial and a just verdict, this trade is slander. Extended to us, not religion, let my right hand forget her.! Equal citizenship 1871 ET, July 4, 2022 and set a glorious example in day!
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