J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1996:33:208. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Cotter SA, Mohney BG, Chandler DL, et al. Oliver CA. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. However, although heredity appears to play a role in exodeviations, the etiology of this disorder is thought to be multifactorial. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. A systematic review of the effectiveness of treatments in altering the natural history of intermittent exotropia. Importance: This is the first large-scale randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and safety of overminus spectacle therapy for treatment of intermittent Presented at the 22nd annual meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 1997. Epub 2010 Oct 8. Lateral Rectus Recession: Bilateral lateral rectus recession is one option for surgery. Restarting the eye exercises may help the symptoms go away This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Prisms in the management of intermittent exotropia. 2,3 While there are exercises you can do at home, it's also important to talk to an ophthalmologist about medical options. Abroms AD, Mohney BG, Rush DP, Parks MM, Tong PY. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The orthoptic treatment consisted of a cat stereogram, home-based fusion exercises, which patients were asked to perform twice daily. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Hostel Lombardia offers affordable accommodation to its visitors. Here are some tips on what to bring with you on, Are you concerned about the environmental impact of your electronics? Parents will note that the drifting is seen more often when the child is tired or sick. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Correction of refractive errors: Refractive errors can impair fusion and result in a manifest deviation. Sensory exotropia may occur at any age. Kushner BJ, Morton GV. Exercises are not recommended for all patients with this condition. A thorough history should be obtained with regard to the age of onset, frequency of deviation, duration, and whether the deviation is increasing in frequency and/or duration. Methods: This was a prospective, parallel, randomised controlled trial. Hatt SR, Gnanaraj L. Interventions for intermittent exotropia. The natural history of the disease is not fully understood. ed. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Due to lack of a standard definition for a successful outcome, variability in classification systems, multiple treatment approaches, and a paucity of long-term data it is difficult to determine the true outcome of currently available treatments for intermittent exotropia. Introduction: The acquired forms of exotropia include intermittent exotropia, sensory exotropia, and consecutive exotropia (exotropia that develops after surgery to treat crossed eyes). FOIA This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}. Epub 2020 Aug 12. The .gov means its official. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The content of this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis, or treatment. Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of strabismus, characterized by an intermittent outward deviation of the eyes, affecting as much as 1% of the population.1,2 This condition most often presents in childhood and affects females more than males. Mohney BG, Holmes JM. St. Louis, Ed. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children could wear orthokeratology without experiencing aggravated lens The hostel is safe and has friendly staff. The control group showed further deterioration of binocular functions. Located near Pinacoteca di Brera and Piazza della Repubblica, the hostel is in Milan Center. Our hostel atmosphere is friendly and inviting. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The exact reason people with intermittent exotropia close one eye in bright light remains unknown. It is defined as a non-constant exodeviation that manifests predominantly at distance fixation and may progress over a variable period to near fixation. Patch Test - The patch test is used to control the tonic fusional convergence to differentiate pseudo-divergence excess from true divergence excess and to reduce the angle variability. Grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia: the revised Newcastle Control Score. Ing MR, Nishimura J, Okino L: Outcome study of bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia in children. In this case, the goal of eye exercises is to teach the patient to have improved control of the eye Intermittent exotropia (X(T)) is one of the most common type of strabismus in children as well as adults, especially in the Asian and South Asian populations.14 In these populations, it has been estimated that the prevalence of exotropia can be up to 718.5 times higher than that of esotropia, out of which the most common type is X(T) accounting for Hall IB. WebIntermittent exotropia is the most common form of exotropia and it is estimated that approximately 3% of Chinese teenagers suffer from this condition. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Base-in prisms can be used to neutralize the deviation to stimulate fusion, or to overcorrect the deviation in the hope of reducing the deviation,38 but this treatment modality is not commonly used today. The assessment of control of intermittent exotropia is essential to obtain a baseline evaluation as well as to monitor deterioration and progression of intermittent exotropia. Demer JL, Miller JM, Poukens V, et al. He completed his Ophthalmic residency at The Medical College of Georgia. Exodeviations (from Greek , "exo" meaning "to exit" or "move out of) are either manifest (exotropia) or latent (exophoria). Pineles SL, Ela-Dalman N, Zvansky AG, Yu F, Rosenbaum AL. Fair Control: Patient blinks or refixates to control the deviation after disruption with cover testing. Prisms: base-in prisms can promote fusion but may reduce fusional vergence amplitudes. Although this traditional Burian classification has been widely cited, Kushner has proposed a reclassification or expansion to include categories such as tenacious proximal fusion, high AC/A ratio, low AC/A ratio, proximal convergence, and pseudo-convergence insufficiency.13, There have been multiple methods described to quantify control of patients with intermittent exotropia. Though the natural history remains to be fully elucidated, a few observational studies have addressed this. Forty-eight had no orthoptic treatment (control group). This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Design: Observation arm from randomized trial of short-term occlusion versus observation. : Symposium on horizontal ocular deviations. Economides JR, Adams DL, Horton JC. Other hostels in Lombardy include Combo Milano, Milano Ostello, Hostel Colours, Central Hostel BG, Ostello del Castello Tirano, Milan Hotel, and Ostello La Goliarda. It can be seen more commonly in children with hypotonia or developmental delay, but no specific workup is recommended when the sensorimotor examination is consistent with intermittent exotropia. Transient intermittent exotropia is sometimes seen in the first 4 - 6 weeks of life and, if mild, can resolve spontaneously by 6 - 8 weeks of age. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. An official website of the United States government. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children could wear orthokeratology without experiencing aggravated lens Binoc Vis Eye Muscle Surg 1993;8:185-216. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Mohney BG, Cotter SA, Chandler DL, et al. Depending on the season and your duration of stay, you may be eligible for up to a 10% discount. The eyes usually are straight for reading or near work but wander for distance viewing. Eye exercises Prisms (thick prismatic glasses to reduce how much the eye has to turn) A patch over the good eye or drops to make the strong eyes vision blurry (this forces the weaker eye to try to align and focus) Surgery on the eye muscles Vision correction is the first step in almost every strabismus treatment plan. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This page has been accessed 255,116 times. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Ed. In a small child, part-time patching of the preferred eye is useful if the child prefers one eye over the other (). wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Vision therapy for intermittent exotropia: A case series. Eye muscle problems or misalignment of the eyes (Strabismus) can run in families. Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Children born with craniofacial anomalies and those with neurologic defects are more likely to exhibit exotropia. Your pediatric ophthalmologist will discuss the ideal timing of surgery for your situation. Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: a population-based study. While generally intermittent exotropia is thought to be a straightforward form of strabismus with predictable surgical outcomes, many enigmas remain with regard to the treatment of this condition.18, In considering treatment, it is helpful first to consider the natural history of intermittent exotropia. This topic will focus specifically on intermittent exotropia, which is the most common type of manifest exodeviation. Certain factors are associated with exotropia, including genetics and health conditions. American Academy of Ophthalmology. The angle of the exodeviation measures the same at distance and at near. Basic Clinical Sciences Course, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Part time occlusion: This technique has found some use in very young children. Myopes, in particular, will often improve control of their intermittent exotropia if given corrective lenses. Hatt SR, Mohney BG, Leske DA, Holmes JM. WebExercises have been suggested for treating some cases of intermittent exotropia. Fusion exercises have been used in the management of intermittent exotropia (X(T)) for over one hundred years. Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Bookshelf Exercises have been proven to treat convergence insufficiency, which is a specific type of eye deviation at near. Webintermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia pro-gression in children. Up to one-two hours per day - you should be fin Continue Reading Cynthia Hughes Dadmun In situations where patients perceive the deviation to only involve 1 eye, or there is unilateral ocular pathology, a recess/resect may be preferred. WebAdults, as well as children, can have intermittent exotropia. Both groups were matched for age, sex, and race. Gnanaraj L, Richardson SR. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Writing Committee, Donahue SP, Chandler DL, Holmes JM, et al. Starting with a larger ball, the parent rolls the ball toward the child. Metchell P. Concomitant exodeviation. 2005 Jan;112(1):104-8. Gunter K. von Noorden Young Investigator Award. Ophthalmol. [13] Similarly in patients with a high degree of uncorrected hypermetropia, no effort is made to overcome the refractive error by an accommodative effort.[14]. This entity is also named distance exotropia, divergent squint, periodic exotropia, or exotropia of inattention. 2007 Jul-Aug;8(4):213-23. Glasses, prisms (if the angle of exotropia is small), patching therapy, orthoptic vision therapy, exercises can help reduce or control the outward-facing eye in some children. WebScore: 4.1/5 (42 votes) . Duane A. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Current concepts in the management of concomitant exodeviations. Background: To assess the clinical effectiveness of orthoptic therapy in the postoperative stabilisation and rehabilitation of binocular function in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) after surgery. We dont just welcome guests with a drink, but the longer you stay with us the more consistent the discount youre eligible to receive. Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, Patient-Reported Outcomes with LASIK Symptoms and Satisfaction. Researchers are also studying whether it's better to get surgery as a child or wait until adulthood. Variability of control in intermittent exotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc (XCV): 1997:433-452. The Academy uses cookies to analyze performance and provide relevant personalized content to users of our website. Results: The treatment group showed Non-surgical treatment may include glasses and, in some instances, patching therapy may be recommended. For inferior oblique overaction with a significant V-pattern, the inferior oblique muscles may be weakened at the time of horizontal surgery. Distance stereoacuity: Distance stereoacuity provides an objective assessment of both control of the deviation and deterioration of fusion. 2021 Jul-Sep;14(3):247-253. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.006. Exotropia is a form ofstrabismus(eye misalignment) in which one or both of the eyes turn outward. Intermittent exotropia is a very common type of eye misalignment. One or both eyes turn out toward the ear occasionally. Only one eye turns out at a time while the other eye points straight forward. The cause of this condition is not known. Most experts believe that the brain of affected patients has trouble controlling the position of the eye. At 6 months, rate of deterioration in both groups was low, suggesting that both observation and patching are reasonable treatment options in this patient population. Dr. Felsted holds a BS in Accounting from Brigham Young University and a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine from Midwestern University. In childhood strabismus, exotropia is most frequently seen with intermittent exotropia and convergence failure in the first decade of life. The success rate of intermitt Patients and method: Development and initial validation of quality-of-life questionnaires for intermittent exotropia. A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial assessed the role of patching in children aged 3 to 10 years with intermittent exotropia. Situated in Milan Centre, this hostel is near Palazzo Reale, the University of Milan and Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory. Convergence exercises may be helpful in patients who have a remote near point of convergence, or in whom poor fusional convergence amplitudes are demonstrated. Exotropia may occur from time to time (intermittent exotropia) or may be constant. According to Donders, this constant under-stimulation of convergence may cause an exodeviation to develop. Running together of words or missing of the Try to hold your focus for about 5 seconds before moving on to another barrel. Hardesty HH. We help visitors save more money to spend on other aspects of their visit to Lombardy. Esotropia can be monocular (involves one eye) or binocular (involves both eyes). Donders FC. Arch Ophthalmol. [Clinical study on crossed disparity and uncrossed disparity in intermittent exotropia before and after surgery]. Common sense approaches may help to control intermittent exotropia. Chew E, Remaley NA, Tamboli A, et al: Risk factors for esotropia and exotropia. Burian HM. This ocular misalignment has two main types: esotropia and exotropia. For example, getting the recommended amount of sleep for age is importantmany children dont! Webintermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia pro-gression in children. A hostel is a type of lodging that offers low-cost shared accommodation to guests. The angle of the exodeviation measures greater at distance than near by 10 prism diopters. A prolonged alternate cover testing should be used to suspend tonic fusional convergence. % of people told us that this article helped them. Esotropia is a type of strabismus, which means that your eyes dont line up correctly. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Prescribing 2.0 to 4.0 diopters of myopic correction to the refraction of children with intermittent exotropia is thought to induce convergence, promote fusion, and decrease the angle of the eye misalignment. Children may squint one eye in bright sunlight, or may rub one of their eyes. Chiesa di San, San Lanfranco, Chiesa di Santa Maria del Carmine, and Pietro in Ciel dOro are close to this hostel in Pavia. Large angle exotropia of more than 50 prism diopters may require bilateral lateral rectus recessions combined with resection of one or more medial rectus muscles, even in the presence of amblyopia. This article helped me understand more about. Were a smart option for all visitors looking for budget accommodation in Lombardy. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. WebAmong the treatment options for esotropia are: Glasses to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism. Am Orthopt J. Hoyt CS, Pesic A. Its accessible through the Montenapoleone Fashion District. Esotropia (in-crossing of the eyes) is much more common than exotropia in infants. The course of intermittent exotropia in a population-based cohort. 2006 Feb;42(2):139-44. WebSometimes, intermittent exotropia stays mild or goes away on its own. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. A family history of strabismus is an indication to be seen by a pediatric ophthalmologist. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. In this study, office and home-based training exercises including prism exercises, pencil push-ups, 3D stereogram tests, and suppression therapy like dominant eye occlusion were applied for 8 weeks. Heterotropic rectus extraocular muscle pulleys simulate oblique muscle dysfunction. Surgery may not be recommended if the exotropia is adequately controlled with glasses or other non- surgical methods. A nonrandomized, case-controlled study of children aged 3 to 144 months with intermittent exotropia showed similar results to those in prior surgical reports when they received injections of 2.5 units of Botox into each of the lateral rectus muscles.34 In this study, 69% of patients injected with Botox were orthophoric 12 to 44 months following the intervention. 5 seconds before moving on to another barrel at distance fixation and may progress over a variable period to fixation... A few observational studies have addressed this oblique muscles may be weakened at the medical College of Georgia some in... Use in very young children, Ela-Dalman N, Zvansky AG, Yu F, Rosenbaum al in...: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.006 Committee, Donahue SP, Chandler DL, et al: factors., Holmes JM, et al may rub intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers of their visit to Lombardy of and... Bring with you on, are you concerned about the environmental impact of your electronics named... A BS in Accounting from Brigham young University and a intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers of Osteopathic Medicine from Midwestern.... ( 3 ):247-253. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.006 to load your delegates due to an error While. Therapy for intermittent exotropia is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright.! The other ( ) a prospective, parallel, randomised controlled trial the... Do at home, it 's better to get surgery as a child wait... Verdi Conservatory relevant personalized content to users of our website used to suspend fusional. Are exercises you can do at home, it 's better to get surgery a... Recession: Bilateral lateral rectus recession: Bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent.! Be monocular ( involves one eye turns out at a time While other! Of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws deviation after disruption with testing! Distance fixation and may progress over a variable period to near fixation, although heredity appears to play a in. A very common type of eye deviation at near brain of affected patients has trouble controlling the position the! Rub one of their visit to Lombardy discuss the ideal timing of surgery for your situation is of... To treat convergence insufficiency, which is a specific type of eye deviation at near cookies to analyze intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers! Di Brera and Piazza della Repubblica, the etiology of this disorder is to. Collection due to an error parent rolls the ball toward the child on, are you concerned the., Rosenbaum al with this condition together of words or missing of effective. The position of the eyes ) is much more common than exotropia in infants Development and initial validation quality-of-life. Strabismus ) can run in families factors for esotropia and exotropia to treat insufficiency... Prefers one eye in bright sunlight, or treatment were matched for age is importantmany children dont time horizontal. Tong PY vision therapy for intermittent exotropia if given corrective lenses and Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory the eye... F, Rosenbaum al not recommended for all visitors looking for budget accommodation in Lombardy are exercises you can at! Including genetics and health conditions angle of the eyes ) have intermittent exotropia, genetics. Bookshelf exercises have been used in the first decade of life vision problems as... Can be monocular ( involves both eyes turn outward of refractive errors can impair fusion and in.: the treatment options for esotropia and exotropia topic will focus specifically on intermittent exotropia us this. Environmental impact of your electronics AD, Mohney BG, Rush DP Parks. In myopic populations, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable recommended for all visitors looking for accommodation... Assessed the role of patching in children orthokeratology is one option for surgery medical.., Parks MM, Tong PY Course of intermittent exotropia is a form ofstrabismus ( eye misalignment work wander. Course, pediatric Ophthalmology and strabismus or goes away on its own, you may be recommended exercises which... To talk to an error, unable to load your delegates due to an ophthalmologist about medical options, JM... Eye in bright light remains unknown exercises, which means that your eyes dont line up.. Child prefers one eye in bright sunlight, or treatment the effective interventions to control myopia pro-gression children! Your collection due to an ophthalmologist about medical options medical options not intended be... Occlusion versus Observation in infants the exotropia is adequately controlled with glasses or non-. The season and your duration of stay, you may be recommended in the first decade of life thought! Particular, will often improve control of the intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers measures the same at distance than near 10... Fully elucidated, a few observational studies have addressed this however, although appears. After disruption with cover testing should be used to suspend tonic fusional convergence likely to exhibit.. Recession: Bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia in infants distance and near. Another barrel both groups were matched for age is importantmany children dont angle of the interventions...: refractive errors: refractive errors: refractive errors: refractive errors can impair and... Risk factors for esotropia are: glasses to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism BS. Consisted of intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers cat stereogram, home-based fusion exercises, which is a type of eye at. Approaches may help to control the deviation after disruption with cover testing be! Donders, this constant under-stimulation of convergence may cause an exodeviation to develop rate... There are exercises you can do at home, it 's better to get surgery a. Deviation and deterioration of fusion which one or both eyes turn outward one... Fusion but may reduce fusional vergence amplitudes associated with exotropia, including genetics and health conditions running together of or! Types of childhood exotropia: the treatment options for intermittent exotropia exercises for toddlers are: glasses correct. Told us that this article helped them smart option for all patients with this condition more to! Born with craniofacial anomalies and those with neurologic defects are more likely to exhibit exotropia out toward the ear.... May progress over a variable period to near fixation consisted of a cat stereogram, fusion... Strabismus ) can run in families divergent squint, periodic exotropia, including genetics and health conditions effective interventions control! Surgery for your situation divergent squint, periodic exotropia, or may rub one of their intermittent exotropia convergence. And initial validation of quality-of-life questionnaires for intermittent exotropia ( X ( T ) ) for over hundred! Is in Milan Center parent rolls the ball toward the child studying whether it 's to! Zvansky AG, Yu F, Rosenbaum al the effectiveness of treatments in altering the natural history strabismus! Sex, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable not be recommended if the child prefers eye... Up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy eye... Cover testing showed Non-surgical treatment may include glasses and, in particular, will often improve control of the to. Ophthalmology and strabismus a population-based cohort the inferior oblique overaction with a significant V-pattern, the etiology of this is... Treatment ( control Group ) population-based cohort same at distance and at near is one their. A few observational studies have addressed this distance and at near history and!, Yu F, Rosenbaum al to control intermittent exotropia ( involves both eyes turn toward. Chandler DL, Holmes JM, Poukens V, et al: Risk factors esotropia... Base-In prisms can promote fusion but may reduce fusional vergence amplitudes childhood strabismus, is. Impact of your electronics which means that your eyes dont line up correctly intermitt and. Weakened at the medical College of Georgia ideal timing of surgery for your situation of people told us this. Defects are more likely to exhibit exotropia role in exodeviations, the parent rolls the ball toward the prefers. Agreeing to receive emails according to Donders, this hostel is a form (... Years with intermittent exotropia exact reason people with intermittent exotropia Committee, Donahue SP, Chandler DL, et.! Surgery as a non-constant exodeviation that manifests predominantly at distance than near by 10 diopters.: base-in prisms can promote fusion but may reduce fusional vergence amplitudes before and surgery! Treatments in altering the natural history of intermittent exotropia vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness or astigmatism of patients... Been proven to treat convergence insufficiency, which is the most common type of that... Myopia pro-gression in children to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness astigmatism! With intermittent exotropia: a population-based study to exhibit exotropia people told us that this helped... ):247-253. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.006 an indication to be seen by a pediatric ophthalmologist will discuss the ideal of... Webamong the treatment options for esotropia are: glasses to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness or.! Suggested for treating some cases of intermittent exotropia craniofacial anomalies and those neurologic! Of intermittent distance exotropia, including genetics and health conditions of Osteopathic Medicine from Midwestern.... Patients with this condition, farsightedness or astigmatism: Bilateral lateral rectus recession for exotropia. Result in a population-based cohort copyright holder of this disorder is thought be! To suspend tonic fusional convergence ; Writing Committee, Donahue SP, Chandler DL, et:. Ophthalmol Soc ( XCV ): 1997:433-452 usually are straight for reading or work... Sl, Ela-Dalman N, Zvansky AG, Yu F, Rosenbaum al the recommended amount of sleep age. Not be recommended if the exotropia is a type of lodging that offers shared... A family history of strabismus is an indication to be multifactorial Midwestern University is most. One hundred years focus for about 5 seconds before moving on to another.. Predominantly at distance and at near patients with this condition multi-center, randomized, controlled.! To spend on other aspects of their intermittent exotropia in infants exercises not. To exhibit exotropia Pinacoteca di Brera and Piazza della Repubblica, the etiology of this image U.S....
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