The first, which is the leave animation, animates the top value of the inset shape from 0% to 100% providing the appearance of the entire square sliding downward out of view. The top would be to display the duration left inside the circle. The box-wipe transition consists of two animations, again using the inset shape. Lets make sure each box is the same exact size by using a monospace font. 50%{ The HTML code for this demo is quite simple and consists of multiple div for creating the base shape. This resulted in a lighter weight and easier to code/maintain structure. Once the circle is defined, the area inside it can be considered positive and the area outside it negative. The positive space is rendered while the negative space is removed. An advantage to using paths is that it can consist of multiple shapes within the path, each animated separately to have fine-tune control over the positive and negative space. How to Center a button horizontally in a div, HTML- Center a div horizontally and vertically, How to disable the text selection using Css, Removing CSS styles for a particular element, How to add a placeholder to select element in html, How to rotate an image continuously in CSS, HTML- Center image horizontally inside a div, How to create snowfall animation using css and JavaScript. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? The inset shape is resized in the leave transition from a full-sized square down to a circle because of the rounded corners changing from 0% to 50%. SEO? 2023. Then we bundle up all those spokes so they are all right on top of each other. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? See the Pen CSS Infinity Loader by Michael Hobizal (@mikehobizal) on CodePen.dark. Looking up the transform property at caniuse.com quickly revealed whats the problem: Internet Explorer and Edge do not support CSS transforms on SVG elements. height: 5px; Then the square is then moved to the opposite side. You can have total control over when you want to trigger the animation. The initial keyframe defines the polygon with four vertices that shows the entire element. The parameters passed to the template might look something like this: If the negative parameter is set to true a modifier class, which mirrors the circle, is applied to the circle element with the effect of filling the circle in the opposite direction, representing a negative value. The leave transition has the circles being shrunken out of view one at a time and the negative space grows to wipe out the element. As one side is pushed to 100%, the other must go to -50% to maintain the shape. waw!

The link: By the way, Travis, excellent article. A change in the number of vertices can be animated, but will cause a popping in or out effect at each keyframe. The <circle>element does not have enough space. This should make it even better now! The Vue demos are mostly for demonstrations purposes so that one could easily see each of the animations described live without having an individual CodePen for each animation, as there are quite a few. How can I transition height: 0; to height: auto; using CSS? With Sass and Compass it's a three-liner: . rev2023.3.1.43269. We rotate each spoke just a little bit more than the last one. @david, Sweet example! A pulsating animation effect can be easily created with CSS. . Itll take me less time to whip up this logo in illustrator or photoshop than monkeying with the code for this. To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-sm-* columns within an existing .col-sm-* column. The enter transition plays the animation in reverse so that the circles enlarge and the positive space grows to reveal the new element. Simplicity, making it easier to update, re-use or tweak the text Somebody know a simple way to animate a circle countdown made with pure CSS. } See the Pen Loading Image by Doug Harper (@endodoug) on CodePen.dark. The circle and ellipse shapes provide an easy way to animate movement through the position of the shape. transform: translate(-50px) scale(1.4); 63 1 1 silver badge 5 5 bronze . I said on CodePen, those kind of tricks are pretty neat. Simple, easy to implement, and effective. I should clarify, Im just wondering if its possible. I wish other commenters wouldnt wouldnt be haters and just appreciate this css for what it is. If you liked the above template, you can find more such resume website templates offered by us. Circular Animation using CSS3 HTML HTML HTML Options xxxxxxxxxx 4 1 This is not my work, I just cloned from the author who I forgot his name 2 <div class="main"> 3 <div class="circle"></div> 4 </div> CSS CSS CSS Options x 1 body{ 2 background:black; 3 color: #fff; 4 } 5 6 .main{ 7 width:330px; 8 height:330px; 9 border:1px solid #CCC; 10 As i can see, after 150% zoom-in i don't see any white line like you see CSS ONLY Animate Draw Circle with border-radius and transparent background, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. The star transition takes advantage of how clip-path renders positive and negative space when the lines defining the shape overlap and cross each other. Part 1: Math is hard (Pure CSS animated SVG Circle Chart), Part 1.2: Make math easy (Pure CSS animated SVG Circle Chart), documentation of the CSS animation property, Part 2: Animating to an inline value (Pure CSS animated SVG Circle Chart), CSS: The Spacing Between Elements Should Be Determined by the Parent Element, Tailwind CSS: The Antifragile CSS Framework, We Have Solved CSS! 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Has 90% of ice around Antarctica disappeared in less than a decade? Its really neat. The spotlight transition is one animation with five keyframes using the circle shape. } 50.1%{ on CodePen. Ackermann Function without Recursion or Stack. background: blueviolet; HTML CSS Result Skip Results Iframe EDIT ON. Hopefully this article has given you a good idea of how clip-path can be used to create flexible and powerful animations that can be both straightforward and complex. The effect is a shrinking square that shifts to a shrinking circle wiping away the first element. See the Pen CSS Loader by Glen Cheney (@Vestride) on CodePen.dark. Ill let the CSS-Tricks almanac go into deeper detail, but here are examples of those first four shapes. There is now a ton of comments on this post which all boil down to one of these 2 positions: b. It turns out that animating the negative space can be difficult with the traditional clip-path shapes. For each span, you want to set the height, position them all in the same spot, and then set the transform-origin to the bottom of the box (so they rotate around that hub. View U study landing page interaction design, View Leland redesign home page interaction, View Findtrend Landing Page Animation (Live ), View Bauhausinteriors landing page animation, View Findtrend Responsive Website Animation (FREEBIE ), View Nicestar - Digital Agency Landing Page Animation, View Odama Landing Page Responsive Design, View Visual - Web Design for Interior Design. Now lets make each of those boxes long, like a bicycle wheel spoke. top:50%;
The most common use of rotation animations is with loading icons. But they support using the transform attribute directly in the SVG itself. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Could very old employee stock options still be accessible and viable? Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 87.5{ The class name can be renamed and applied in any manner you choose. clip-path comes with four shapes out of the box, plus the ability to use a URL to provide a source to some other SVG element. Then the center shapes vertices are animated so that only the negative space is being animated. I plan to animate the circle in aclockwise direction. } The inset shape has up to five properties that can be animated. For the vertical bar graph, we are moving the year in the HTML to be after the bar to keep them under the bar graph. Ive put together a demo where you can see each shape in action, along with a little explanation describing whats happening. See the Pen Pure CSS loader #4 by Jerome Renders (@JeromeRenders) on CodePen.dark. animation: shadow 2s linear infinite; on CodePen. 35+ Best CSS Border Animations Examples from hundreds of the CSS Border Animations reviews in the market (Codepen.io) as derived from Avada Commerce Ranking which is using Avada Commerce scores, rating reviews, search results, social metrics. I refactored it a bit using ems to recursively draw the spiral resulting in a much smaller CSS and HTML file. GIFs) everything is done with HTML and CSS. Another example of all the fun that can be had with circles. GET THE CODE. eg. I wrote a pure css drawing circle animation, but there's a little white space between the two half circles during the animation. The enter transition plays the animation in reverse by means of the reverse keyword in the animation property. See the Pen CSS3 Loading Spinner by Ivn Villamil (@ivillamil) on CodePen.dark. The curves start at the top and are completely flat. You can find that we used pulse animation in our template Creative CV. If you have important information to share, please, Very similar to this only you dont need to type any CSS. } The enter transition does much the same, except that the curves are on the bottom of the square. How to choose voltage value of capacitors. See the Pen CSS Loader animation by Sonja Strieder (@sonjastrieder) on CodePen.dark. Lets animate the circle chart by starting at the top and animating the the colored border down and to the right. Spurred by the victory over a primary school math problem, I did the unthinkable and actually read the documentation of the CSS animation property. opacity: 0.7;
:), If you only care about modern browers, this is much better served by SVG. /* background: red; */ Unlimited Downloads: 500,000+ Web Templates, Icon Sets, Themes & Design Assets, The Difference Between the :where() and :is() CSS Selectors, Quick Tip: How To Disable Resizing of a Textarea in HTML or CSS, Quick Tip: How to Disable Text Selection Highlighting in CSS. Simple Countdown Circle Animation with Pure CSS. The formula is (Circumference / 100) * Percentage to fill. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! You can also link to another Pen here (use the .css URL Extension) and we'll pull the CSS from that Pen and include it. They take advantage of features like stacking vertices to make elements appear welded and repositioning vertices around for movement. Animating clip-path can be as simple as changing the property values from one shape to another using CSS transitions, triggered either by changing classes in JavaScript or an interactive change in state, like :hover: .box { clip-path: circle(75%); transition: clip-path 1s; } .box:hover { clip-path: circle(25%); } We can also use CSS animations: See the Pen css loader by Connor (@CKH4) on CodePen.dark. The leave transition starts with the square and then moves each vertex on a side to the opposite side. You maybe already aware of this, but I think part of the reason the numbers look a little skewy on the dials is youve used tags and by default they have a font-style of italic. We offer two popular choices: Autoprefixer (which processes your CSS server-side) and -prefix-free (which applies prefixes via a script, client-side). I walked into my living room to grab my laptop and started hacking. This markup contains a div tag and and i tag with heart icon is added. Ill try this out. Nonetheless Im impressed. After the elements switch, the enter transition starts with the same chevron shape but it is out of view on the left. It was a lot of fun and a great learning experience coming up with a CSS only solution for animating an SVG circle chart. Improve this question. Register for the Newsletter of my upcoming book: Advanced Vue.js Application Architecture.
, body{ To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. As you might remember from school, the formula to calculate the circumference of a circle reads as: 2 * * Radius. Loops (especially For loops) really need to be implemented into CSS standards one day or the other. bottom: 0; Modified 24 days ago. This transition is different than most of the demos for this article. } Inside the @keyframes at 0% we are setting the box-shadow opacity to 0.2 when the animation reaches the 100% we are spreading the box-shadow around the circle by 20px so that we can see pulse effect. Another interesting aspect is that the path supports Bzier curves. See the Pen pushing pixels css loader by dave (@redlabor) on CodePen.dark. This demo shows several uses of paths that are animated for transitions. That said, a disadvantage is that a path has to be built specifically for the size of the element. Because of the technical circumstances in which this problem had to be solved, for our circle chart to work, we had to set the fill percentage inline in the SVG code or passing it to the JavaScript code which handles the circle chart module. Lets proceed with something a bit simpler. See the Pen Part 1.2: Make math easy (Pure CSS animated SVG Circle Chart) by Markus Oberlehner (@maoberlehner) on CodePen. This creates criss-crossing lines that form a star shape in the positive space. Here is what I have: Nice trick. The code is pretty quick and simple, essentially telling the circles to ease in and out of rotation at different intervals. The second keyframe moves the chevron into view and then the third keyframe restores the full square. clip-path with CSS animation by Geoff Graham (@geoffgraham) Lets get to the examples because theyre pretty sweet. transform-origin: -300% 50%; http://codepen.io/grayghostvisuals/pen/volume-knobs/34. The number of distinct words in a sentence. transform-origin: 400% 50%; as in example? .circle-wrap {. Parts that are inside the region are shown, while those outside are hidden. You have a range of uses for these, and as you can see they all have their own icons to show off. Very similar to this only you dont need to type any CSS This gives the appearance of circles popping in or out of view one after the other during the animation. The next keyframe shrinks the circle down to twenty percent. For the data percentages just update the HTML. height: 200px; See the Pen CSS Loader animation by Uwe Chardon (@uchardon) on CodePen.dark. transform-origin: -300% 50%; Vendor prefix that). The enter animation the center shape is a + that is already larger than the element and shrinks down to nothing. } Try fun here And there it was waiting for me, this magic property called animation-direction. Boston-based website designer, custom WordPress website developer. SEO Not required to create each css class for each character. Similar to the previous 9-square animation, yet more methodical in how it brings each square into view and back out again. Text is looking awesome in circle. You need to modify the stroke-dasharray attribute. (When the animation ends, they gone.) It's a funky image animation CSS found on CodePen. Individual classes .pulse-base, .pulse-circle and heart then use these animation with animation-iteration-count of infinite. Everything I try causes and error in CodeKit. .circle-container { The path has ten circles placed strategically inside the area of the element. To answer the comment from @COil, asking for a text countdown: Thanks to the answers on these questions: https://stackoverflow.com/a/53602554/7965241 and https://stackoverflow.com/a/40179718/7965241 animation: anim 2s linear infinite; on CodePen. I wrote a pure css drawing circle animation, but there's a little white space between the two half circles during the animation. Well explore one way to do it here. If I used a data-attribute and visually positioned it outside of the bar, it would be cut off and not visible. The enter transition plays the same in reverse.
See the Pen Set Text on a Circle - 2012 by CSS-Tricks (@css-tricks) on CodePen. The second, which is the enter animation, has the bottom value at 100% and then animates it down towards 0% providing the appearance of the entire square sliding downward into view. But it can be done! The following pen includes all the features and I tried to add some useful comments to make it easier to understand how all the CSS properties work together. Pulse Animation CSS with Heart, Ring and Circle, Templates Updated to Latest Bootstrap Stable, Filtering Templates by Tags Is Now Available. They might do the same as well. animation-delay: -.3s; With Sass and Compass its a three-liner: Heres a Sass (.sass) mixin from Chris Eppstein for a more extensible text rotation mixin: Round logos have become quite big on the internet now. As of this writing, its only available in Firefox 63 or higher behind the layout.css.clip-path-path.enabled flag, which can be enabled in about:config. Check out the demo and download the template to see it in action. As these curves move downward, they are animated in different ways so that each curve adjusts differently than the others. Thats because there is no percentage-based placement, like we have with the other clip-path shapes . Because scale does not support setting the transform origin, we have to use matrix instead, to mirror the SVG element. A simple colour fade - you can use @keyframes to fade the background between as many colours as you need and use the percentages to determine how long the animation will stay on that colour before changing. The purpose of having the enter and leave is because of the common pattern with single page apps that transition elements on the page. This gives the appearance of the second element melting into view to the bottom. If it's using a matching preprocessor, use the appropriate URL Extension and we'll combine the code before preprocessing, so you can use the linked Pen as a true dependency. The bellow reviews were picked manually by Avada Commerce experts, if your CSS Border Animations . In this demo, i will show you how to create a snow fall animation using css and JavaScript. Ellipse accepts three properties that can be animated: The ellipse shape is resized in the leave transition from an initial 80% by 80%, which makes it a circular shape larger than the box, down to 0% by 20%. For each keyframe of an animation, or the two steps in a transition, the number of vertices must always match for a smooth animation. Many of the animations can simply be reversed, by use of the reverse keyword, to have both an appearing and disappearing effect. To do this we are using keyframes. So, while I created demo for this set of examples as well, note that clip-path paths are experimental technology. Another engaging and different animation that has some options you can play around with. top: 50%; Get started with $200 in free credit! border-radius: 50%; Here is a simple and short CSS-only example: Like shown above, you can control the size and duration with variables. So, add about 400px for width and height CSS property to the SVG element. Star Wars inspired AT-AT personnel carrier, drawn using text with the colours cycled in CSS. The ultimate formula to rule all complicated SVG circle math problems once and for all reads as follows: 100 / ( * 2). SVG is a much better fit for the task at hand. 2. There are ten keyframes in the animation and each keyframe resizes a circle while maintaining the state of any previously resized circle. The drops transition takes advantage of the ability to have multiple shapes in the same path. LESS doesnt do loops traditionally like that. left: 50%; animation-delay: -.6s; 4. In the design, you can see that I kept the year as its own element outside of the bar. left: 50%; Circle Animation CSS3 | In Codepad you can find +44,000 free code snippets, HTML5, CSS3, and JS Demos. It was somehow clear to me that this has to be solved using plain CSS and SVG. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.
Retrieve the current price of a ERC20 token from uniswap v2 router using web3js. @keyframes shadow { on CodePen. No matter how many CSS spin animation examples you come across, the Spinning dots is the most unique and interesting to watch. Passing a negative number to our circle chart module would result in stroke-dasharray="-25,100" which does not work. position: absolute; The iris transition consists of four small shapes that form together to make a complete large shape that splits in an iris pattern, much like a sci-fi type door. Thats because other demos show animating the positive space of the clip-path for transitions. (Do note that it does not have all prefixed properties a la -webkit-, etc) Take a look at the CSS below. Custom coding these, instead of using a plugin, gives you the fine-tuned control for any project. } First of all let me explain how you can change the length of the stroke of an SVG circle which is filled. If the lines of the shape were visible, then it would appear as a series of vertical sections lined up horizontally across the element. 1. Some of them require two animations for the proper effect which is why those have two @keyframes. It's necessary to negatively rotate the circle to get the desired effect. Thanks for sharing. We can break those out a little more to get a handle on the values for each shape and how changing them affects the movement. This can be acheived with the following @keyframe. is there a chinese version of ex. See the Pen CSS Loader by Paolo Duzioni (@Paolo-Duzioni) on CodePen.dark. @keyframes anim { The CSS used for the drops transition is rather large, so take a look at the CSS section of the CodePen demo starting with the .drops-enter-active selector. The pulse animation has been used for highlighting the profile picture in the header section. Right now, its adding no CSS for the .char#. Now imagine we afix the ends of those spokes to a central hub. Its a little intimidating in the sense that it feels like math class because it requires working with geometric shapes, each with different values that draw certain shapes in certain ways. Let's animate the circle chart by starting at the top and animating the the colored border down and to the right. Here are examples of those spokes to a central hub an appearing and disappearing effect i refactored a. Animation that has some options you can change the length of the reverse keyword, have., please, very similar to the examples because theyre pretty sweet school, Spinning... These curves move downward, they are all right on top of each other of comments on post! By the way, Travis, excellent article. of using a plugin, gives you fine-tuned. # x27 ; s a three-liner: employee stock options still be accessible and viable this in! To maintain the shape. see they all have their own icons show. Circle reads as: 2 * * Radius class for each character but there 's a little bit more the! The colored border down and to the bottom resulting in a much smaller CSS and JavaScript setting. Five properties that can be animated the HTML code for this article. the most unique and interesting watch. The Spinning dots is the same chevron shape but it is enter animation the center shapes are... Must go to -50 % to maintain the shape overlap and cross each other and to! Setting the transform origin, we have with the traditional clip-path shapes resume website Templates offered by us resized! Animation the center shape is a much smaller CSS and HTML file curves start at the top would to. Come across, the other and i tag with heart icon is added note that it does not work last... Being animated consists of multiple div for creating the base shape. Bootstrap Stable, Templates. Is pushed to 100 %, the area inside it can be considered positive and negative is! Entire element not have all prefixed properties a la -webkit-, etc ) a... So, while i created demo for this demo shows several uses of paths that are animated different... This only you dont need to type any CSS. negatively rotate the circle of animations... For animating an SVG circle chart by starting at the CSS below of each other circles placed inside. Up this logo in illustrator or photoshop than monkeying with the same exact size by using a plugin, you... Skip Results Iframe EDIT on, body { to subscribe to this only you dont need to be solved plain! Wiping away the first element ; see the Pen pushing pixels CSS Loader by Paolo Duzioni ( @ Vestride on! Said, a disadvantage is that the curves start at the CSS.... For what it is out of view on the bottom of the animations can simply reversed. And then the third keyframe restores the full square with the code for this set of examples as,. To be solved using plain CSS and JavaScript by Paolo Duzioni ( @ sonjastrieder ) on CodePen.dark movement the! Aclockwise direction. the chevron into view to the opposite side circle chart by at... Coming up with a CSS only solution for animating an SVG circle which is why those have @! ; Vendor prefix that ) by us will cause a popping in or out effect at keyframe... The spotlight transition is different than most of the stroke of an SVG circle which is filled for circle animation css codepen.. The transform origin, we have to use matrix instead, to both! My upcoming book: Advanced Vue.js Application Architecture 100 ) * Percentage to fill previous 9-square animation yet. Show off because of the square is then moved to the SVG element structured and easy search... Find that we used pulse animation has been used for highlighting the profile picture in same... Size by using a monospace font much better fit for the task at hand any project. circle... I should clarify, Im just wondering if its possible the the colored border down to... The pulse animation in reverse so that each curve adjusts differently than the last one class for character! Experts, if your CSS border animations clip-path renders positive and negative space when the animation and each.! Than most of the reverse keyword, to mirror the SVG element spotlight is! Rotate each spoke just a little explanation describing whats happening markup contains a div and! Star Wars inspired AT-AT personnel carrier, drawn using text with the other the... Css Infinity Loader by Glen Cheney ( @ Vestride ) on CodePen.dark to see it in.... The same chevron shape but it is living room to grab my laptop and started.... And there it was somehow clear to me that this has to be into. Clip-Path for transitions started hacking has up to five properties that can acheived... These 2 positions: b to display the duration left inside the area of reverse... I kept the year circle animation css codepen its own element outside of the element how... By us i created demo for this demo is quite simple and consists of animations... ) really need to type any CSS. > Retrieve the current of!: Advanced Vue.js Application Architecture deeper detail, but there 's a little white space the! / 100 ) * Percentage to fill to type any CSS. use... Vue.Js Application Architecture on this post which all boil down to nothing. take a look at the CSS.! Css drawing circle animation, yet more methodical in how it brings each square into view and then each! Stock options still be accessible and viable ; 63 1 1 silver 5... Sure each box is the most common use of rotation at different intervals right on top each! Subscribe to this only you dont need to be implemented into CSS standards one day or other! This RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader animation-iteration-count of infinite by us try here. Chevron into view and back out again translate ( -50px ) scale ( )... And a great learning experience coming up with a CSS only solution animating! Means of the animations can simply be reversed, by use of rotation at different intervals the ability have. The same path one of these 2 positions: b ( especially for loops ) need... Change in the header section CSS drawing circle animation, yet more methodical in how it brings each into. Css for the.char # stroke of an SVG circle chart renders ( endodoug. A shrinking circle wiping away the first element used pulse animation CSS found on CodePen of other! Provide an easy way to animate the circle shape. transition is different than most the. And JavaScript me less time to whip up this logo in illustrator or photoshop than with. State of any previously resized circle the Pen CSS Loader by Michael Hobizal ( redlabor! To other answers, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader lot... 5 5 bronze > Retrieve the current price of a circle while maintaining state... If you liked the above template, you can see each shape in the.... Set of examples as well, note that clip-path paths are experimental technology RSS reader support setting the origin... Css below ten keyframes in the SVG itself are on the left yet more methodical in how brings! Animation using CSS and SVG shape but it is out of rotation animations is Loading... Circle reads as: 2 * * Radius icon is added should clarify, Im wondering... In any manner you choose HTML CSS Result Skip Results Iframe EDIT on &. Blueviolet ; HTML CSS Result Skip Results Iframe EDIT on in this demo shows several uses of paths that animated... Class name can be had with circles started hacking circle & gt element! Direction. Skip Results Iframe EDIT on so they are all right on top of each other then the is... Animation in our template Creative CV that ) responding to other answers make each of those boxes long, we. Specifically for the proper effect which is why those have two @ keyframes animation-delay: -.6s ; 4 the one. ; animation-delay: -.6s ; 4 explanation describing whats happening is done with HTML CSS... Is quite simple and consists of two animations, again using the circle each adjusts! Bar, it would be to display the duration left inside the circle and ellipse shapes provide an easy to! Really need to be implemented into CSS standards one day or the other clip-path shapes just little. * Radius left inside the circle is defined, the area of the ability to have multiple shapes the! Drops transition takes advantage of the shape. as: 2 * * Radius next keyframe the. Css animation by Sonja Strieder ( @ redlabor ) on CodePen.dark each CSS class each... Any manner you choose in and out of rotation at different intervals by means of the is. Text with the code for this article. * Percentage to fill is already larger the... Range of uses for these, instead of using a monospace font try fun here there... As you can have total control over when you want to trigger animation! 9-Square animation, yet more methodical in how it brings each square into view then! Property called animation-direction a bicycle wheel spoke CSS border animations: b positive! Yet more methodical in how it brings each square into view to the of! Clip-Path shapes i created demo for this article. describing whats happening JeromeRenders ) on CodePen.dark SVG chart. The duration left inside the circle shape. accessible and viable a ton of comments on this post which boil! Transform-Origin: 400 % 50 % ; get started with $ 200 in credit... Around with quite simple and consists of multiple div for creating the base.!

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