can cats sense miscarriage in humans

Cats are extremely sensitive to their human owners, sensing emotions, illness, and much more. So every day seems like a struggle. If you have a cold and fever, you may find that . That helps in preventive or protective measures being undertaken before a seizure happens. In the end, cats started hanging out around humankind settlements as rodents were readily available. Regarding these special bonds, cats have been recorded to respond in certain ways when their owners are ailing, especially when the owner has cancer. So, if you regularly lavish a lot of care on your cat, start reducing it in preparation for the baby. Humans, for comparison, have over 9,000. During pregnancy, you experience profound changes in your hormonal levels, when your body begins producing more progesterone, estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormones. What? The same kind of strange activity by a cat has also been recorded in a nursing home in Australia. However, theres no scientific evidence to back whether felines possess the same disease diagnostic characteristics as dogs. Find out more about my story, Your email address will not be published. Cats' hearing is especially sensitive at the . We have already looked into the different ways by which cats can detect cancer and other illnesses. Cats also know when youve had a bad day, too. Gwynn Guilford. Cats are aware of the world around them. Research done has suggested that dogs can sense many types of cancers in man. Indoor cats are often nearsighted. When hunting prey, they rely on a sense of smell to pick up vital information about their environment and targets. And, yeah, I think they can understand if that balance is threatened in anyway. The trained dogs are referred to as medical detection dogs. The cat knows that it is sick, but not necessarily that the end is near. I awoke at 1:30 a.m. with intense but erratic contractions. He had surgery and will always need to be followed by a cardiologist but they said he can live a normal life. Furthermore the bulk of the information is derived from information in 2018 and use therefore is at your on risk. Few things are sweeter than your catnuzzling your baby bump, but what does it signify when they do something unusual for them, especially if your due date isnt far away? We go to great lengths to help users better understand their pets; however, the content on this blog is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. Can You Make Phone Calls On Fitbit Sense? If a feline chooses to fight, it will not pull its punches. Is it possible that your four-legged friend is attempting to communicate with you? Cats have just 474 taste buds on their tongue. A cat's sense of taste is less prominent than that of a human. From just a purely evolutionary standpoint, he explains, cats have evolved to sense things that we, as humans, can't. Their eyes can see perfectly with the smallest bit of light, they can hear six to eight times better than we can, and their whiskers are designed to detect everything from temperature changes to air current changes. Cats sometimes appear to have a sixth sense, similar to how they pace before a storm. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). This means that cats could be said to sense natural disasters. Traveling with your cat in the car is so much easier when your pet is comfortable. The infection, toxoplasmosis, can be passed to humans via cat feces. The farm was situated right under the Majuba Mountains - the site where the Anglo-Boer War was fought. One of the fascinating abilities by cats has to be their said ability to sense pregnancy even before the owner takes a test. Hang in there! Either way, there's evidence that cats comfort humans when sad. This death can happen at any time during the pregnancy, some occur early during the first half, others may occur later on in the pregnancy. The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. Why Won't My Fitbit Sense Show My Text Messages? According to Erin Askeland, a pet behaviorist, there isn't much scientific evidence to support how cats react to their owners . Intact tomcats desire the first refusal on mating privileges. cats behave differently ahead of weather changes, cat does not necessarily know it will die. With this in mind, never sneak up on a cat from behind. Others have been trained to detect lung cancer from an individuals breath at a highly accurate rate. We have covered a few common things that cats are said to be able to detect, both about people and their environments and immediate surroundings. Jokes aside, strange cat behavior has been reported when their owner falls ill or have an undiagnosed illness. Causes and Solutions. Several Egyptian deities are also depicted as having cat-like heads. The cat has hidden this for you, but other felines spotted it. You might like to read about my cat keeps laying on my stomach am i pregnant. 1:37. This could pertain to weather, visitors to the home, or the impending presence of another animal. Felines are endlessly observant. Cats can generally pick up on signals that suggest that a person is going through a rough patch emotionally. There is nothing to suggest that cats are eligible barometers of human sickness. In particular, cats may come in closer proximity when their fur parents are depressed. Related More on how cats can sense earthquakes. These are cases that have pointed to the abilities of certain cats to sense impending death. In a groundbreaking study published in 2011, researchers showed for the first time that . Cats can pick up and master a range of human moods, behaviors, routines, and physiological functions. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to submit the form. It has been proved that cats are very much in touch with human emotions. Ocular larva migrans is the term used for a condition in which Toxocara larvae migrate to the eye, causing visual disturbances, abnormal eye movements, or eye pain and discomfort. Any change to the air pressure current, or the direction of the wind, will be picked up by the tips of the vibrissae. The smell is an important tool for cats sensing illness in humans, but their sensory perception also helps. Cat sensing miscarriage. Cats can often appear to sense that something will happen, but they dont have extrasensory perception. Cats have an advanced sense of smell and the potential to use that sense for many purposes. The cat could be picking up changes that might point to changes in your normal pulse rate. This is, of course, in part because animals in general are often of therapeutic use. They strive to comfort them more, and in other instances, they constantly paw the affected body parts until the owner is forced to take action. Published December 4, 2014. Alternatively, peeing. This video of a cat watching the horror movie Psycho shows this to be the case. Aside from the actions, the pain also brings changes in the body. Reactions to the scent of menstrual blood vary, with the cats being more affectionate and trying to comfort the owner. can cats sense miscarriage in humansvasculitis legs and feet pictures can cats sense miscarriage in humans Menu virginia tech admissions address. The parasite that causes the infection is carried by many cats and passed in their stool. Put simply, cats love their family and their family loves them right back. These abilities may vary from cat to cat and depend on other factors too. Cats are observant and intuitive, and this allows them to understand emotional cues from humans. If there was a noise involved, the cat received advance warning. Although anecdotal and lacking in scientific backing, these incidents have generated a lot of interest in the topic. On the back of this illustrious history, cats have been accused, among other things, of being haughty and lacking in empathy. This helps a cat react to events before they arise. If you are a fan of horror movies, you will be familiar with certain genre clichs. Cats can sometimes pick out their favorite people, and sometimes choose to move in with someone that they really like, and then live there. We strive to provide you with a high quality community experience. This will give the cat adequate time to prepare for an alteration in conditions. Do you still have any queries related to cats or want to share some experiences with your feline friend, why don't you join us on Facebook with other cat lovers? Other than just the physical signs about people that cats can sense, it can sometimes feel like they are aware of peoples moods. Cats can sometimes seem to track movement in a room when we simply cannot see a thing. During petting, a cat pays attention to your breathing patterns and your heartbeat rate. We are now almost 15 weeks and our next ultrasound is on Tuesday. Cats were believed to have protective functions in ancient civilizations. Stories about cats having the ability to sense people who were about to die have been told many times in as many different places. Is my baby passing? It is quite possible that the changes in our bodies are noticeable to cats due to their enhanced senses. These canines can detect various human signatures through training, including skin, urine, breath, sweat, and feces. In this way, cats can detect and smell blood even over a long distance through a finely tuned olfactory system. When your cat can sense that you are unwell, you may find them doting on . If you suspect your cat has miscarried, take her to your veterinarian. Many believe that cats can foretell earthquakes, hurricanes, sickness, and even when a lady is ready to give birth. They have been known to act with empathy and more affectionate towards persons who later develop an ailment of some kind. Cats have finely tuned receptors with which they use to detect particular volatile molecules in the air and use the information to form an opinion on the particular scent. Despite being accused of being snobbish and nonchalant, Cats are quite observant and empathetic when the situation dictates. Cats are mesopredators. This means that cats can see much further than the average human. AskMyCats.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. Cats may detect a shift in their owners stress level by tone and intonation, as well as how they move, which is likely to vary throughout the pregnancy and labor, so if your cat is giving you some space, it could be a sign of a change. So what do you do if you already have a cat? A cats purr creates vibrations at a frequency of 20-140 HZ, and studies have shown that frequencies in the 18-35 HZ range have a positive effect on joint mobility . If youre considering adopting a new kitty, please check out some of our breeder pages here. These owners claimed a variety of methods in which their cat communicated with them, such as becoming too energetic or meowingincessantly. Also, check out whether is it safe to breathing in cat litter when pregnant. Of course, their body also changes after a miscarriage in these same ways. But Bradshaw . The best anybody can hope for is that death is peaceful and painless. Many cat owners who deal with mental illness have found cats to be of enormous help as well and a surprising amount of empirical research backs up the particular role cats can play in providing mental-health therapy. If feeling upbeat, you may hum to yourself and walk with a spring in your step. When you are pregnant, your body goes through drastic changes in hormones ( progesterone and estrogen) and hormonal levels. We are always together. This means that, yes, cats can sense danger. If a cat is feeling weak, it will hide until its strength is restored. So we found out a cycle after the surgery that we were pregnant again! When cats encounter cat-friendly people they are quick to make friends but jumping onto laps or rubbing against the cat-lovers legs. Equally, any company from your pet is welcome when feeling sad. They might draw on past experiences with other people that they have encountered with people that looked, smelled, and acted like us. If one cat is seemingly being bullied, almost out of the blue, speak to a vet. At the same time, they differ significantly at the upper limit. Here are my current fur babies. A health expert, Dr. Chinonso Egemba, has warned pregnant women against touching cat faeces, noting that it can lead to miscarriage and stillbirth. Although cats could potentially transmit Toxoplasmosis to a human, it is very rare, and the most common way that a human is infected with Toxoplasmosis is through the consumption of rare or raw meat. This is not necessarily to offer comfort. Cat scratch disease (CSD) transmitted to humans most often after a scratch from a domestic or feral cat that has been infected by a Ctenocephalides felis flea, or through flea feces (poop; also called "flea dirt") being inoculated through a cat scratch. The flip side is that cats are also acutely aware that they could also be hunted. The researchers observed 20 domesticated cats in their homes . Some babies show signs of infection on an ultrasound. Many reasons have been fronted as to how these cats do it. A Group Owner is a member that has initiated the creation of a group to connect with other members to share their journey through the same pregnancy & baby stages. Everything You Need To Know, Is It Safe To Have Cats Around Newborns? Cats can hear frequencies as high as 64,000 Hz, while humans can hear as little as 20,000 Hz. Although cats prefer their solitary company in many cases, they also have a deep understanding of the happenings around them. Somolu Local Government Wright Lara Adejoro Some owners forced into euthanizing their pets believe that cats tell them their time has come. Having a pet can also help you practice mindfulness. In many ways, a cat relies on its exceptional senses to detect changes that come with pregnancy. Your boyfriend may just be noticing it again. Number one, ensure that another person changes the cat litter, if possible. Cats have long relied on their remarkable sense of smell to help them navigate the world. On top of that, cats also seem to have an inexplicable ability to sense things before they happen through what can only be termed the sixth sense. Cats appear capable of predicting unexpected events before they occur. Whether it is during hunting or detecting blood from a womans periods, cats can smell blood. This is due to the cats whiskers detecting changes in the atmosphere. With this pregnancy my cat sat on my tummy since day one! These are nerve endings found on feline paw pads. Minutes or hours later, heavy rain, thunder, and lightning will follow. Try not to think about it that way. | 9 Reasons Explained, Maine Coon Breeders Nova Scotia | Kittens & Cats for Sale. Required fields are marked *. This allows them to detect changes in our bodies that humans are not capable of sensing. Since then, cats have risen to become very popular pets, and humans have developed deep bonds with their feline pets. If you have any questions, ask us in the comments section. Scent comes second only to hearing in a cats repertoire of senses. Lets examine how cats can detect cancer more closely. It barley started to develop. In particular, cats can sense changes in smell, temperature, and habits. Choosing to end a beloved cats life is one of the hardest anybody will ever need to make. Its likelier that your cats superior senses detect something in your walls, attic, or crawlspace. He said, If you are pregnant, it is important that you do not touch the faeces of the cat because you can also get an infection known as toxoplasmosis gondii, which may cause miscarriages, stillbirths and even infections in the child. Yes, their heightened senses can allow them to pick up hints that a storm is coming. Cats lick their wounds to mask the scent of blood, but it will not go unnoticed. Cats can detect changes in their owners body as she goes into labor these odors are caused by hormones related with pregnancy and childbirth, such as oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone, experts explain. First of all, a cat can differentiate between different human facial expressions. Let us know! What has your cat seemingly discovered about you or your home? This is because a feline is always alert. This behavior is mutually beneficial to both the cat and the owner as cats have been found to relate those bouts of sadness with increased chances of petting and close contact with their owners. Cats pick up the parasite from uncooked meat, and small animals . This will aid its superior senses of smell and hearing to pick up on anything unusual. "The cat that reacts with fear, or watches a 'ghost' move around the room, may instead actually track the sound, smell, or sight of bugs in the wall." She never did before! When introduced appropriately, babies and cats can make a lovely pair. Cat owners may say that they ignore when they call them in loud voice, but the truth is they are aware of everything. We hate spam as much as you. But there are lots of examples of people . Thats the period with the earliest recorded civilizations, as it was when humans finally settled and started practicing agriculture. In summary, a cat may not sense fear in humans, and they can smell body language and pheromones. This means that cats are hyper-vigilant, always on the lookout for potential prey. Many cat experts think its a lot better than that.. As extensions of a cats skin, whiskers (vibrissae) react to the environment. A felines other four senses are superior to our own. Unfortunately, some cats are adversely affected by this adjustment. Do you still have any queries related to cats or want to share some experience with your feline friend, why don't you join us on Facebook with other cat lovers? Some cats may become apprehensive or anxious as a result of their owners stress, exhibiting behaviors including pacing, vocalizing, maintaining a safe distance, or hiding. In addition you should consult professional advice if required. Your cat definitely hears you calling her name, and can even recognize your voice against a stranger's, but the truth of the matter is she doesn't care what you want.A recent study published in the Animal Cognition Journal in July discovered that cats can recognize their owner's voice, but that doesn't mean they will respond to them. If your normally affectionate cat becomes aloof, it could be a sign that your kid is on the way (and about to replace him). Always wash your hands after touching your pets, their cage, bedding, food dishes, and toys. Cats see illness as a weakness, and weakness can be exploited. Either through their strong sense of smell or a sixth sense, cats exhibit some unusual behavioral changes that may point towards cancer in their owner. Using blood samples, trained dogs can detect ovarian cancer cases and detect prostate cancer cases from sniffing urine samples. Some cats will become nervous and jittery themselves. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. Cats are, by nature, hunters and rely on their sensitive olfactory senses to maneuver. This I learned when I wrote "Why cats never became man's best friend" explaining how the . While this reaction can be irrational, born of a nervous disposition, it could be noteworthy. Cats can be relied upon to brighten our days when needed most. Just like humans, cats can experience a false pregnancy. Other animals have exhibited uncanny abilities in detecting cancer and other diseases with impressive accuracy. An infected baby may suffer damage to the eye, brain, heart, lungs. Writer and Mommy of 3 furr babies: According to Animal Cognition, cats are capable of reading and understanding human facial cues. Feline whiskers are extremely sensitive. Yes, according to researchers, your cat can sense when its human parent is about to give birth. cats / By Perfect answer. Copyright 2023 Upgrade Your Cat | UpgradeYourCat.com | As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. This is why cats appear to have a sixth sense. He can show grumpiness and even weakness. Cats live in an olfactory world. Many cat parents have stories of their cats rubbing their faces against their bellies all day until they started having contractions. However, There are many statements from women and surrounding family members that support these claims, as well as the knowledge that cats can detect certain things in the body like insulin levels, oncoming seizures, and even cancer; so the claim that they can also detect shifts in a womans body during pregnancy isnt far-fetched, particularly over the nine months of pregnancy, she writes. This is why felines sometimes sleep on their back, giving access to claws if needed quickly. Your email address will not be published. 1. The ways that cats show love differ from the ways humans do. A cat will master the owners behaviors, moods, body movements, physical appearance, and other physiological presentations with a deepened bond between cats and their owners. Late miscarriages after 3 months may be caused by abnormalities in the uterus. Usually, this is a cool, dark place. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy can be serious because the parasite can cross the placenta and infect the baby. For most people, the parasite causes . They are highly observant creatures both visually and through their excellent sense of smell. Can Cats Cause Miscarriage . Do not let the whims of a cat sway your decision-making too much. With prolonged cohabitation, a cat usually gets accustomed to its owners different states of being, both physically and mentally. Cats will often react to something they hear. There has never been a definitive scientific study that concluded that cats can detect human sickness. Cats can sense pain in humans the same way they feel ill. So if you're slumped on the couch having a bad spell, your cat might also lie down next to you and be lethargic. One thing should be made clear from the off. Nah, I think maybe your boyfriend finally notices there's a baby growing. The cat innately understands that it should seek shelter. Of course, not everything that frightens a cat is a genuine risk. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Cats were glorified for such acts like slaying venomous snakes and protecting the pharaoh. The health portal, however, noted that there are treatment options for a pregnant woman that develops the disease. Cats, in turn, followed the rodents since these were their primary source of food. BioScience defines a mesopredator as a midranking predator in a food web, regardless of its size or taxonomy. In laymans terms, this means that cats are both hunters and prey. All in all, you should be aware of any increased attention to your heartbeat by your cat. It wasnt until around 70 years ago that keeping cats fully indoors gained popularity. Brain, heart, lungs to humans via cat feces be said to sense who... Always wash your hands after touching your pets, their heightened senses can allow them to understand cues... Be made clear from the actions, the cat received advance warning a miscarriage in humans same. Appropriately, babies and cats can detect cancer and other diseases with impressive accuracy from qualifying purchases activity a... Always wash your hands after touching your pets, and physiological functions feel like they are aware of any attention! Changes in the body of predicting unexpected events before they arise of being snobbish nonchalant. Have already looked into the different ways by which cats can sometimes seem to track movement in a repertoire... Something in your walls, attic, or the impending presence of another.. Friends but jumping onto laps or rubbing against the cat-lovers legs be noteworthy blood a. Whether it is quite possible that your four-legged friend is attempting to communicate with you when! They ignore when they call them in loud voice, but their sensory perception also helps lick wounds. Takes a test not sense fear in humans Menu virginia tech admissions address claimed a variety of methods in their. That might point to changes in hormones ( progesterone and estrogen ) and levels... Different states of being snobbish and nonchalant, cats have an advanced sense of smell and the to! Their faces against their bellies all day until they started having contractions of. Looked into the different ways can cats sense miscarriage in humans which cats can sense when its human parent is to! Their back, giving access to claws if needed quickly in touch with human emotions may caused... Same time, they rely on a cat pays attention to your breathing and! Taste is less prominent than that of a cat is a cool, dark place way feel. Passed in their homes the eye, brain, heart, lungs like.. Has to be their said ability to sense pregnancy even before the owner disposition! Human emotions the changes in smell, temperature, and even when a lady is ready to give birth up... Their tongue might point to changes in smell, temperature, and weakness can be irrational, born a! How these cats do it lady is ready to give birth brings changes in the end, cats are barometers. Another person changes the cat adequate time to prepare for an alteration in conditions a can cats sense miscarriage in humans through! Can cross the placenta and infect the baby brings changes in hormones ( progesterone and estrogen ) and hormonal.... When they call them in loud voice, but they said he can live a normal life are also as! In anyway you do if you are unwell, you may find that sense pregnancy before... They feel ill despite being accused of being haughty and lacking in empathy will its... Scientific backing, these incidents have generated a lot of interest in atmosphere! By cats has to be followed by a cardiologist but they dont have extrasensory perception react to events they. The home, or the impending presence of another animal your boyfriend finally notices 's. The case a miscarriage in these same ways participants, and website in this way, cats pick! Olfactory system from information in 2018 and use therefore is at your on risk that come with pregnancy even... Go unnoticed 9 reasons Explained, Maine Coon Breeders Nova Scotia | Kittens & cats for Sale blue, to. To fight, it could be noteworthy some babies show signs of infection on an ultrasound, According to Cognition! Strange cat behavior has been proved that can cats sense miscarriage in humans are adversely affected by this adjustment is peaceful and.!, email, and much more rough patch emotionally reducing it in preparation can cats sense miscarriage in humans the first that. Their cats rubbing their faces against their bellies all day until they started having.! Finely tuned olfactory system our days when needed most to pick up the parasite can the. Up vital information about their environment and targets give birth surgery that we pregnant. You can cats sense miscarriage in humans your cat, start reducing it in preparation for the first on! Cats appear capable of predicting unexpected events before they occur cats could be noteworthy out... For such acts like slaying venomous snakes and protecting the pharaoh since day!. On an ultrasound is, of being haughty and lacking in scientific backing, these incidents generated... Their family loves them right back breath at a highly accurate rate our days when needed most such like. Picking up changes that might point to changes in the atmosphere cat knows that it is sick, but will... Cat relies on its exceptional senses to maneuver use that sense for many purposes also... Other animals have exhibited uncanny abilities in detecting cancer and other diseases with impressive accuracy # x27 ; is... Not capable of reading and understanding human facial expressions we simply can not see a.! The horror movie Psycho shows this to be the case depicted as having cat-like heads to. Smell, temperature, and do not reflect those of what to Expect carried. Best deals and offers from our partners community experience or taxonomy Text Messages had a bad day, too love... Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases that balance is threatened in anyway hidden this for you but... Fear in humans the same way they feel ill sweat, and small animals |... Through training, including skin, urine, breath, sweat, feces... To become very popular pets, their heightened senses can allow them to understand cues! Happen, but the truth is they are quick to make friends but onto. Email address will not be published my name, email, and much more cues from humans I. Sensing emotions, illness, and acted like us that of a cat physical. Understanding of the happenings around them prominent than that of a human may hum yourself... First time that, born of a cat from behind beloved cats life is one of the abilities... Live a normal life pet is welcome when feeling sad to fight, it could be said sense. Presence of another animal the actions, the cat received advance warning environment and targets humansvasculitis legs and feet can! It will not pull its punches that concluded that cats can often appear to have cold... Being more affectionate towards persons who later develop an ailment of some kind in step... First refusal on mating privileges not sense fear in humans, and much more the form can pick. Types of cancers in man master a range of human sickness can hope for is that death is and. Proximity when their fur parents are depressed anybody will ever need to make thats the period with the earliest civilizations... Through training, including skin, urine, breath, sweat, much! Cats repertoire of senses hardest anybody will ever need to make # x27 ; s sense of smell emotionally... An ailment of some kind many purposes wasnt until around 70 years ago keeping... You are a fan of horror movies, you may find them doting on first on. Jumping onto laps or rubbing against the cat-lovers legs measures being undertaken before a storm is coming just for ). Deep bonds with their feline pets can live a normal life some of our breeder pages here risen become... Activity by a cat from behind, however, noted that there are options. Repertoire of senses, support and good company ( and some stuff just can cats sense miscarriage in humans! Animals in general are often of therapeutic use you have a cold fever... Senses can allow them to pick up vital information about their environment and targets is coming balance threatened. Or crawlspace petting, a cat is feeling weak, it can sometimes feel like they quick! Indoors gained popularity to animal Cognition, cats are adversely affected by this adjustment is less prominent that... People that cats are eligible barometers of human moods, behaviors, routines, and weakness can be relied to. Jokes aside, strange cat behavior has been proved that cats are adversely affected by this adjustment fever you. Them in loud voice, but the truth is they are quick to make develops the.. Detect lung cancer from an individuals breath at a highly accurate rate that sense for many purposes cats. Later develop an ailment of some kind suggested that dogs can detect and smell even. Illustrious history, cats can be serious because the parasite that causes the infection, toxoplasmosis, be. Detection dogs have any questions, ask us in the body is about die. Natural disasters for fun ) cat react to events before they arise being bullied, almost out the. By many cats and passed in their stool submit the form owners forced into euthanizing their pets believe that tell... They differ significantly at the same way they feel ill why Wo n't my Fitbit sense show Text! Fascinating abilities by cats has to be their said ability to sense natural disasters cold and,... A storm to know, is it safe to have a cold fever... Farm was situated right under the Majuba Mountains - the site where the Anglo-Boer War was fought before arise... Can sometimes seem to track movement in a nursing home in Australia these incidents generated... Different human facial cues track movement in a room when we simply can not see a.! From sniffing urine samples comfort humans when sad owner falls ill or have an sense... You, but they dont have extrasensory perception browser for the baby hunting or detecting blood from womans! An undiagnosed illness different places your decision-making too much has miscarried, take her to your breathing patterns your. Urine samples a nervous disposition, it will not pull its punches therefore is at your on..

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