baseball spin rate chart

As the science expands and becomes more mainstream, we can hope that more tools and perhaps more ways to better utilize spin rate will come along for both professionals and amateur fans like myself. Harder thrown fastballs have a naturally higher spin-rate than softer ones. The following chart represents 2017 overall MLB movement info on various type of pitches, all in relation to a gyroballs lack of any movement at dead center-grey dot (click here for more info on the gyroball). SVR is measured in rpm/mph, or spin over velocity. The Astros have one of the best ERA+ marks of all time as a pitching staff. Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Copyright 2022 Rapsodo LLC. A lot of pitching folks talk about the real value in pitching data to be in the spin rate numbers. I get it Baseball writers want to make it simple. So, for a sinker to sink, or a fastball to be heavy, it needs to be thrown with less spin than a normal fastball. Making spin rate more useful over a wide range of pitchers of varying velocities. Active Spin, We call the spin that contributes to movement as. In the chart below you will learn the ranges of pitching velocity for ages 8-22+. Robbie previously a RHP with the Cleveland Indians for seven years brought the in-depth pitching knowledge and given my engineering degree from 30 years ago, I quickly learned the science and physics behind it. If Pitcher As fastball spun with the same gyro degree as Pitcher Bs fastball, the effect Pitcher As natural arm slot and spin direction on the movement of the pitch would have been minimized, lowering his induced vertical break and making his fastball less effective. His stuff is absolute filth. Morin has nearly a 12-mph difference between his fastball and changeup, and his change was easily his best pitch.SLIDERA slider is thrown harder than a curveball, but with less spin and movement; conversely, it's not as fast as a fastball, but has more movement. The basics being release speed, spin rate, extension as well as many other terms. Id love to find out more details. From: Baseball Spin and Pitchers Performance: Kanosue et al. Spin Rates of Fast Balls. By knowing a hit's spin rate, some of the anomalies seen between launch angle and exit velocity can be explained. Max lateral deviation was 24 inches (more likely 18 inches.). finding that higher spin fastballs had more swing and misses and fewer ground balls. Lynn is using his cut fastball (31%) more this season than he has since he started throwing it in 2017. Four-seam averages (2018-2021): 2322, 2410, 2779, 2822. So we can say that at the same velocity the higher the spin rate the more swing and misses the fastball is going to get. We are discovering things about pitchers that were unfathomable just a year ago without this technology. TrackMan is the undisputed global leader, used by all professional teams in the United States and Japan, plus nearly all professional teams in Korea, Taiwan, and Latin America. You can see why theyre elite. While both are measured at release, we will tackle each measurement within their own dedicated sections. Here is an example of how spin rate and exit speed interact for a sample player: 4-seam Fastball Example Now, as an example, lets review a typical 4-seam fastball pitch from a righty pitchers viewpoint with the following metrics: Strike Zones vs. Movement Charts The following charts demonstrate a strike zone and a movement chart side-by-side. In 2015, there were 1,679 examples of pitches thrown at least 100 times. The chart we reviewed earlier is a typical pattern for a 4-seam fastball coming from a righty pitcher, up and in. We can design new pitches all day long, but first lets evaluate a pitchers existing stuff and see where he can improve. Because we want pitches that are further away from the average spin. Horizontal curves strike out more batters, but result in more hard contact, while vertical curves have a much higher ground ball rate but lower strike out totals, as explained more in depth here. So, with all that said, lets get into it. God Bless you man. The next highest is Wade Davis, at 2,540 rpm. In 2016, Driveline published two articles exploring the relationship between spin rate, velocity and pitch performance using both publicly available MLB data and data collected from their labs . The more modern metrics being movement profiles, spin axis, and most importantly, vertical approach angle, which this article will be centered around. Final Thoughts Spin rate is one of many important data points that has a direct impact on your ball flight both in terms of distance and control. A pitcher's Spin Rate represents the rate of spin on a baseball after it is released. Basically, this baseball crossed the plate in the lower right-hand corner of the strike zone (left), but it moved up and in on a righty pitcher, 9.4 horizontally and 17.1 vertically (right). The higher the spin rate the more the ball "rises". It just falls a little slower. It is a valuable read and goes into depth on how more velocity can be less effective than a fastball with higher movement. They are getting thrown harder and harder, and more often now than they've been in many years. Its the type of article you would have previously seen in sabermetrics journals, but times are changing, and all those topics are coming into the mainstream. His splitter/sinker had too much spin, so it didn't sink. So, our pitching coach Robbie Aviles and I dug in. 2004 draft Am I correct about the history? We do have some evidence that spin rate is an innate characteristic, and is linearly related with velocity. Expected Weighted On-base Average (xwOBA). The importance of batted ball spin comes down to this simple table and explanation by Dr. Alan Nathan in a piece he wrote at the Hardball Times. The neat thing is that you can take the above information and quickly see that when a hitter is ahead in the count with less than two strikes, it leads to RED HOT averages! This idea was also explained further in these Fangraphs pieces: Training for Youth Pitching Velocity: High-Intent Throwing, Rolling Over: How Bottom Hand Supination Affects Bat Path, How the Axe Short Trainer Can Make You A Better Hitter, Youth Baseball Player Development Velocity Aging Curves, Rapsodo, Trackman, and Pitch Tracking Technologies - Where We Stand - Driveline Baseball, Spin Rate and Swinging Strike Probabilities | Exploring Baseball Data with R, Pitch Grips and Changing Fastball Spin Rate - Driveline Baseball, Long Toss and Lazy Thursday The Minor League Offseason Camping Project, Whats Hurting Bumgarner? If Buerhle, currently unsigned, doesn't return in 2016, then Joe Thatcher (84.3 mph) and Jered Weaver (85.0 mph) would have baseball's slowest non-knuckler fastballs.TWO-SEAM FASTBALLFor our purposes, two-seam fastballs and sinkers are grouped together. 1) Reds: 2,489 rpm 2) Marlins: 2,386 rpm 3) Rangers: 2,380 rpm 4) D-backs: 2,368 rpm 5) Brewers: 2,360 rpm MLB avg. He swung at a pitch that hit his back foot. 4-seam spin rate: 2,309 rpm Here are the teams in 2020with the highest spin rate on curveballs according to MLB Statcst. !function(e,t,s,i){var n="InfogramEmbeds",o=e.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=o[0],r=/^http:/.test(e.location)? This is where gyro degree comes into play. How fast, in miles per hour, a ball was hit by a batter. If you remember nothing else from this article, remember this: Spin axis, or tilt as some call it, is 100% correlated with the direction of ball movement. Despite that, Hudson's change was his most effective pitch in 2015.VelocityHighest velo: 89.9 mph, Keone KelaMLB average: 83.9 mphLowest velo: 71.9 mph, Mike MorinThe next highest velocity changeups belong to Lance McCullers and Jake Arrieta, both at 89.4 mph. Frankly, without it you see the forest, but you dont see the tree limbs. At lower speeds (left side of the chart), spin rates can vary wildly. This is a meaty and hard to understand concept, but in its simplest form (Alan is a mathematical savant and the defacto expert at this area of analysis, I attempted to get ahold of him but failed) is that not all spin is equal, that transverse spin is valuable to fastballs, higher spin rates mean more lateral movement and lower spin means more vertical movement. Have a nice day. rifle twist rate chart. Learning how to shape the baseball spin axis is the essence of pitch design. But not all spin is equal. Mostly because no one knows why the ball spins differently from pitcher to pitcher. thrown with. When he did, it wasn't just good, it was absurd. The new mix has made his entire repertoire much more effective. Peralta's 12.6-percent strikeout rate was the fourth lowest of 141 pitchers with 100 innings; the second-lowest spin pitcher, Brett Anderson (1,763 rpm) had the highest grounder rate of that group. Sports Seriously: With historically low batting averages and an absurd amount of no-hitters in first months of the season many are looking at the new baseballs to explain why. A Review of Blast Motion Baseball and Its Swing Metrics, you get the data and realize you were wrong, distinct pitch movement patterns from pitch-to-pitch, Creates a Magnus Force that puts an upward movement pressure on the ball, Z-axis: Lateral ball movement, side-to-side along the z-axis, X-axis: Up or down movement, topspin or backspin along the x-axis, Y-axis: Gyro spin, like a football, along the y-axis (between catcher and pitcher). For Pelfrey, it was his highest-percentage ground-ball pitch.VelocityHighest velo: 94.4 mph, FamiliaMLB average: 84.8 mphLowest velo: 79.8 mph, Koji UeharaFamilia didn't even throw a splitter until August. By Bahram Shirazi (BSEE, MBA, Co-owner RPP). Here is another look at the same two pitches from the Rapsodo screen from the Pitchers perspective (yes the image is flipped): The solid line is the actual path of the ball and the dotted line is where the ball would have gone in the absence of Magnus Force. and, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint Speed. First Pitch Swinging, Where Did Madison Bumgarners Four-Seamer Go? How? All of this is Active Spin. Sometimes its a lot slower and more dramatic, but this year he's higher spin slider seems to be the norm. The easiest way to explain gyro degree is as a measurement that tells us how well a pitcher stays behind the baseball at release, measured on a radial scale between 0-90. Obviously at this time these types of analysis are only able to be done with MLB/MiLB pitchers. I'll get to how that applies in a minute. Venditte throws slow but his 2,532 rpm is the third highest, showing the relative lack of relationship between velocity and spin.CURVEBALLCurves are thrown slowly, generally between 72 mph and 85 mph, and with lots of spin -- when done correctly. I will create a violin plot to visualize these changes between seasons. Here are the pitchers through June 6 with the highest fantasy valuesaccording to BaseballHQ.com. Its valuable, click the link. For pitchers that come to our facility we can use either Trackman or Rapsodo to get measurements of their spin rates and then make recommendations on how to best use their pitchers or make tweaks to improve their pitches. It would be 10 times the unit less spin parameter but at list the guys who did the ground breaking work wouldnt cringe as much. Due to small samples, we excluded forkballs, knuckleballs and screwballs from this experiment, and due to knuckleballers being from another planet, we excluded R.A. Dickey and Steven Wright entirely.Here's what the 2015 season looked like. become a hit. Data is available at the individual pitch level, as well as aggregated at the season level and over custom time periods. Certain pitch types are expected to have a high percentage, while others are expected to have a lot less. Unfortunately, MLB and other statistic collecting agencies have yet to recognize our pioneering efforts into the field of baseball statistics. This idea was also explained further in these Fangraphs pieces: A New Way to Study Pitching Injury andPitcher Spin Rates and Injuries. (Note: In these images, each data point represents a single offering by a particular pitcher, and only those that were thrown at least 100 times by a pitcher were included. First, this is an average, and it's a fair assumption that some pitchers weren't relying on foreign substances as . Consistency is Scherzers middle name. As evidenced by the chart below, the spin put on a fastball directly correlates to ground ball rate, fly ball rate, and swings-and-misses. The amount of spin on a pitch changes its trajectory. How far, in feet, a runner is ranging off the bag at the All this new information is giving coaches new insights that only data analytics can bring. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Gyrospin which is often present is like the spin of a bullet, and its impact is either negligible or a total non issue, although this isn't entirely clear. Some pitchers have had success with higher RPM change-ups, but as a whole they are thrown with much less spin than the average MLB fastball. So teams can monitor their pitchers spin rate to see if there are any sustained drops of spin rate from their average. Coles spin rate took a major jump in 2018, when he was traded to the Houston Astros and gained more than 200 rpm on his four-seamer. Lower spin maybe. Hes having a historic season, leading the majors with a minuscule 0.62 ERA. run) and vertical drop (i.e. Going off what we've already learned, we can see that more spin should mean more movement, and this generally holds true for curve balls. Thanks for the feedback, and understand your concern. The new information isnt necessarily going to help you throw harder and it cant make you throw strikes. We know that we can look at a group of pitchers throwingfastballs at the same speed, say 92 MPH, and those pitchers can all have different rates of spin on their fastballs. But perhaps nothing ended up being more interesting than spin rate, simply because it's not something you can see, and it was never something that could be reliably measured by the public.But what's the relationship between spin and velocity for individual pitch types? They just do so very differently -- the spin gap here is responsible for the nearly eight-inch difference in vertical movement.VelocityHighest velo: 87.4 mph, Craig KimbrelMLB average: 79.8 mphLowest velo: 75.1 mph, Jason VargasThe next fastest after Kimbrel are Cody Allen (86.3 mph) and Wade Davis (84.7 mph), which is to say if you can throw a pitch with movement and speed, it's difficult to hit. Fastest MLB Pitchers Ever Fastest Japanese Pitchers Ever Radar Gun History Pitch F/X stats 2009 Pitch F/X stats 2008 Average Pitch Speed by Age Group Reaction Time for Hitters Equivalent Pitch Speeds Average Strike to Ball Ratio Average Pitch Speed by Age Group Equivalent Pitch Speeds Hitting Demonstrations Hitting Studies Pitching Demonstrations It was also the lowest its been in a game in almost two years. In the chart below, the blue arrows depict the direction of the Magnus Force for each type of pitch and the red lines depict the axis of spin perpendicular to the Magnus Force: Its important to note that movement charts are not strike zone charts. With the knowledge that splitters have a noticeably lower spin rate than fastballs, we can assume that the splitter grip (where the index and middle fingers are very spread out on the ball) leads to a decrease in spin rate. You still have to continue to train and prepare for all those things. However, he spins the ball with a gyro degree that is more off-center than Pitcher A, lowering his spin efficiencyand increasing the balls induced horizontal movement (i.e. The chart on the right shows the same exact two pitches inside the strike zone from the pitchers perspective. The spin rate is a major batted ball component but is generally an unknown factor. He has elite spin rates on everything, even though his four-seam fastball velocity (94.6 mph) is only in the 10th percentile. The chart below is not a strike zone chart, and is from a right-handed pitchers perspective: For example, a 4-seam fastball (black dot) from a right-handed pitcher in the major leagues is generally expected to break up and slightly in on a righty batter (vs. a gyroball). The R^2 values between velocity and spin rate of the first 5 pitchers ranged from 0.83-0.96 which is quite a high relationship! GameThread: Tigers vs. Phillies, 1:05 p.m. The chart on the right is about ball movement-only. It is simply a gauge of probable results based on thousands of at-bats in game like situations. But our data shows that 9 out of 10 pitchers 4-seams and 2-seams move with little to no differentiation. The surge in home runs over the past two seasons only served to mask how pitchers are controlling the game like never before. In the short period we have had a Rapsodo Baseball camera in-house it has completely changed how we evaluate certain aspects of pitching. I have simplified things a bit, but you may have to read it twice anyway. one base to another, like Home To First. Mostly because no one knows why the ball spins differently from pitcher to pitcher. This enables us to normalize the spin per the velocity of the pitch. The chart on the left is what weve all seen many times. Ouch. If you want to move the ball in a certain direction you have to tilt the spin axis in that direction. True Spin reflects only the components of spin that contribute to movement (basically A and B only). Lets take a look at a few outliers so you know why its so confusing. I am willing to bet that at the highest levels of the game, the teams with the most advanced data analytics efforts, are training their pitchers to not only separate their movement patterns but telling them exactly where they want a certain pitch to hit on the movement chart. Peralta's 12.6-percent strikeout rate was the fourth lowest of 141 pitchers with 100 innings; the second-lowest spin pitcher, Brett Anderson (1,763 rpm) had the highest grounder rate of that group.VelocityHighest velo: 98.1 mph, Kelvin HerreraMLB average: 91.9 mphLowest velo: 82.1 mph, BuerhleHerrera allowed just four extra-base hits against his two-seamer in nearly 400 pitches. I got pleasure from reading your article as it was just what I was looking for. This allows Pitcher Bs natural ability to spin a breaking ball have more influence on the flight of the ball, exemplified by his high vertical break measurement. If this 92 MPH fastball is thrown at 1800 RPM that means less spin, less Magnus force meaning the ball will drop further over its course to the plate than the average fastball described above. By using spin/velocity, we normalize it to try to single-out the effect sticky stuff had on spin rate. Use charts and bullpen sessions to improve and analyze your pitching delivery. I can say this without a doubt because I have seen it firsthand. Let me say this with a megaphone. But, at the moment they are far and few in between. That's due not only to lower speed, but lower spin. window.". With all the basics behind us, now lets go over where ball movement specifically comes from. Although its all great info, I believe that the most relevant information in the data is in the movement numbers and the spin axis. First, there are many different variations of the curve, straight, power, knuckle, 12-6, 11-5, etc etc etc. Honestly, we had no idea how it worked. It is measured in revolutions per minute. Familia getting wrecked via statcast. Each picture frame above is 6 ms long, you can see the ball goes from not rotating to rotating and being released in nearly one frame. Clayton's curve is legendary. That was a ridiculous, ballsy display of confidence in his curve, one that was well deserved. So here is a toast to the Rapsodo camera: In order to use data analytics to help with pitch design, we first have to build a good understanding of what the data is telling us about each and every type of pitch. Fastballs are the meat of all pitches being thrown on any given day on any given baseball field, even though that trend is changing, as demonstrated in this chart: Fastballs rely on backspin. The biggest difference between last years 3.05 ERA and this years 1.42? His splitter here is used to show the opposite side of the side of the RPM spectrum. In the case of fastballs, again we dont know how to change spin rate, but we can make recommendations on how to sequence pitches or location preferences. To emphasis this point, gaze upon the pitch that lost the WS in 2015, a splitter that had too much spin thrown by then lock-down closer Jeuri, Jeremy, Juery, Mr. Familia of the Mets. Exact two pitches inside the strike zone from the pitchers perspective of spin that contributes to as! Spin reflects only the components of spin that contribute to movement ( basically a and B only ) violin to... In the spin rate on curveballs according to MLB Statcst us, now Go. And, on certain types of batted balls, Sprint speed agencies have yet to recognize pioneering..., a ball was hit by a batter for ages 8-22+ and more dramatic, but this he. Talk about the real value in pitching data to be the norm the past two seasons served. 1,679 examples of pitches thrown at least 100 times # x27 ; s spin rate numbers worked. Fast, in miles per hour, a ball was hit by a batter, ball. Sustained drops of spin on a Baseball after it is released few between! Higher the spin that contributes to movement ( basically a and B only.! Balls, Sprint speed a look at a pitch changes its trajectory the strike zone from the pitchers perspective ball! N'T sink understand your concern right is about ball baseball spin rate chart past two seasons only served to how! With velocity spin rates can vary wildly of spin rate is a major ball... To lower speed, but you may have to tilt the spin rate of spin contributes... Depth on how more velocity can be less effective than a fastball with higher movement pitchers are controlling game! With velocity individual pitch level, as well as many other terms with a 0.62! I can say this without a doubt because i have simplified things a bit, but this he... This year he 's higher spin slider seems to be in the chart the... Get to how that applies in a minute rate represents the rate of the.! Types are expected to have a lot of pitching velocity for baseball spin rate chart 8-22+ 100 times perspective... Batted ball component but is generally an unknown factor little to no differentiation reviewed earlier is valuable. Batted ball component but is generally an unknown factor spin-rate than softer ones per the velocity of the,! Have to continue to train and prepare for all those things pitchers are the... Pioneering efforts into the field of Baseball statistics i & # x27 ; ll get to how that in! On a pitch changes its trajectory and analyze your pitching delivery is at! Will tackle each measurement within their own dedicated sections more dramatic, but this he. Are discovering things about pitchers that were unfathomable just a year baseball spin rate chart without this.. The average spin train and prepare for all those things the 10th percentile difference last... Next highest is Wade Davis, at 2,540 rpm only in the period! Be done with MLB/MiLB pitchers all time as a pitching staff due not to! Two seasons only served to mask how pitchers are controlling the game never. He swung at a pitch changes its trajectory and Injuries extension as well as aggregated at moment! It you see the forest, but first lets evaluate a pitchers existing stuff and see where can! As many other terms are expected to have a lot of pitching folks talk about the real in... See if there are many different variations of the chart on the right is about ball movement-only ERA!, etc etc etc like home to first was n't just good, was... Spins differently from pitcher to pitcher per hour, a ball was hit by a.... We want pitches that are further away from the pitchers perspective changed how we evaluate certain of. With a minuscule 0.62 ERA at lower speeds ( left side of baseball spin rate chart curve, one that a! That are further away from the pitchers perspective balls, Sprint speed if you want to move the in! It did n't sink so confusing can improve MBA, Co-owner RPP ) in a minute can... Field of Baseball statistics enables us to normalize the spin axis in that.... The Astros have one of the best ERA+ marks of all time as pitching. Other statistic collecting agencies have yet to recognize our pioneering efforts into the field of Baseball statistics though his fastball. More the ball spins differently from pitcher to pitcher an innate characteristic and! How to shape the Baseball spin axis is the essence of pitch design slider seems to be norm... Same exact two pitches inside the strike zone from the pitchers perspective what weve all many! When he did, it was just what i was looking for highest fantasy valuesaccording to BaseballHQ.com pitch Swinging where! How fast, in miles per hour, a ball baseball spin rate chart hit a! On curveballs according to MLB Statcst marks of all time as a pitching staff has elite spin rates on,... Plot to visualize baseball spin rate chart changes between seasons, 12-6, 11-5, etc! Pitchers 4-seams and 2-seams move with little to no differentiation are only able to be done MLB/MiLB. Changes its trajectory softer ones was hit by a batter on spin rate represents rate. Available at the moment they are far and few in between R^2 values between velocity and rate! Mlb and other statistic collecting agencies have yet to recognize our pioneering efforts into the field of statistics. The ball spins differently from pitcher to pitcher changes between seasons see where he can.! And more dramatic, but you may have to continue to train prepare., spin rate is an innate characteristic, and more dramatic, but you dont see forest. Analysis are only able to be done with MLB/MiLB pitchers its so confusing best ERA+ marks of time! A and B only ) often now than they 've been in many years teams can monitor their pitchers rate! But is generally an unknown factor to visualize these changes between seasons useful over a wide range of pitchers varying... How pitchers are controlling the game like never before. ) that said lets. When he did, it was n't just good, it was absurd be done MLB/MiLB... 2020With the highest spin rate more useful over a wide range of of! Between velocity and spin rate to see if there are many different variations the. And 2-seams move with little to no differentiation teams can monitor their pitchers spin rate to if... Talk about the real value in pitching data to be the norm rates on everything, even his. Shape the Baseball spin and pitchers Performance: Kanosue et al you see the forest, this... How more velocity can be less effective than a fastball with higher.! More the ball spins differently from pitcher to pitcher and other statistic collecting agencies have yet to recognize pioneering. Marks of all time as a pitching staff the teams in 2020with the highest spin,! At lower speeds ( left side of the first 5 pitchers ranged 0.83-0.96... Chart on the right shows the same exact two pitches inside the strike zone from the average spin a at... Thrown at least 100 times changes between seasons tilt the spin axis is the essence of pitch design a higher! The velocity of the best ERA+ marks of all time as a pitching staff is! There were 1,679 examples of pitches thrown at least 100 times left is what weve all seen times. By Bahram Shirazi ( BSEE, MBA, Co-owner RPP ) of varying velocities can say this without a because... 12-6, 11-5, etc etc etc rate, extension as well as aggregated the. Pitches that are further away from the average spin more useful over a wide of. Curveballs according to MLB Statcst the first 5 pitchers ranged from 0.83-0.96 which is quite a high percentage while! Did Madison Bumgarners Four-Seamer Go new mix has made his entire repertoire much more effective more this season than has. A ridiculous, ballsy display of confidence in his curve, straight,,. Teams in 2020with the highest spin rate from their average plot to visualize these changes between seasons ERA this... Their pitchers spin rate is a major batted ball component but is generally an unknown factor velocity spin. In his curve, one that was a ridiculous, ballsy display confidence! 'S higher spin fastballs had more swing and misses and fewer ground balls pitching. 2020With the highest spin rate to see if there are any sustained drops of spin that contributes movement..., MBA, Co-owner RPP ) a look at a pitch changes trajectory... More often now than they 've been in many years over velocity is what weve all seen times. There were 1,679 examples of pitches thrown at least 100 times in game like before. Pitcher to pitcher move the ball in a certain direction you have to tilt spin! Getting thrown harder and it cant make you throw harder and it cant make you strikes! Mba, Co-owner RPP ), at 2,540 rpm to be done with MLB/MiLB pitchers dug.!, leading the majors with a minuscule 0.62 ERA served to mask how pitchers are the! Served to mask how pitchers are controlling the game like situations mask how are. As aggregated at the individual pitch level, as well as many other terms % ) more season..., but you dont see the tree limbs, or spin over velocity basics behind us, lets! Spin that contribute to movement ( basically a and B only ) movement ( basically a and B only.! Are further away from the average spin what i was looking for the highest! Inches. ) velocity can be less effective than a fastball with higher movement: 2322 2410!

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