shipbuilding in the middle colonies

It launched the first (and only) nuclear-powered merchant ship Savannah and signed government contracts to construct nuclear submarines. They were located south of the New England colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The presence of Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, and Presbyterians made the dominance of one faith next to impossible. WebThe abundance of timber and lumber made shipbuilding cheap in the colonies. E. rise from poverty to riches. A. WebColonists now had the ability to make tools, nails, plows, and other metalworks that benefited the farming and fabrication industry present in the Middle Colonies. The wars of the French Revolution created problems for American neutral trade. To learn more about cookies and your cookie choices. Far more slaves went to North America than to the West Indies. A male colonist had the ability to farm for individual substance rather than large scale commercial agriculture due to the poor soil, work in a warehouse, build ships, fish or go whaling, enter the fur trade, collect maple products, or brew beer or other alcoholic beverages. An abundant supply of Pennsylvania coal promoted steam powered technology most notably development of the railroad across the river in New Jersey (the Camden and Amboy Railroad) and in Pennsylvania. C. Pennsylvania. Local shipowners and merchants in Britain represented the major market for colonial vessels. D. including elements like choir in church services. Early settlers of Puritan New England typically lived The colony did not grow as fast as English colonies in North America and did not produce profit for the Dutch. Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. Additionally, Dutch colonists settled in the areas of the Hudson River Valley and the modern-day New York City, which was named "New Amsterdam" by the settlers. With enormous forests nearby, many Middle Colony towns made names for themselves with shipbuilding. B. promising to reinforce traditional Puritanism. However, mismanagement, labor unrest, construction accidents on the carrier, and growing restrictions on building nuclear warships so near a great city led to the closing of the Camden shipyard in 1967, contributing to growing economic and social problems in the city. An outbreak of syphilis affected the day-to-day lives of most of the community. But there were major competitors. The colonies had warm summers and cool winters and soil appropriate to developing products. 2 vols. By 1700, which of the following was the most democratic and important social institution in the American colonies? It worked with the Philadelphia engineering firms of Merrick and Towne, Reaney & Neafie (and Levy) and Richard Loper (1800-81), the latter a pioneer of contract shipbuilding and an inventor of innovative curved screw propellers for ships. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. E. George Whitefield. This provided many settlers in the Hudson River region seemingly unlimited amounts of beaver, sea otter, deer, ermine, skunk, and bear to hunt and trap for their priceless fur. Chandler, Charles Lyon, Marion V. Brewington, and Edgar P. Richardson. a trade network limited to the American colonies in which New England, the middle colonies, and the southern colonies exchanged region-specific goods B. an international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas He h, Tobacco was the first great commercial success of England's empire in America. : Harvard University Press, 1941. Religious dissidents from all regions could settle in the relatively tolerant middle zone. D. patroonship Throughout the Southern Colonies, the Church of England, or Anglican Church, had a powerful strong presence within the area. The Middle Colonies took steps to protect the rights of those immigrants by passing legislation that protected the religious freedoms of those who lived there. In fact, even the Jamestown Settlement featured an Anglican Church. Iconic Philadelphia print maker William Birch captured the construction of frigate Philadelphia in November 1798 at Humphreys & Wharton Shipyard at the Front Street location on the Delaware River. D. Virginia Those who left helped populate the nearby colonies of New Jersey and Delaware alongside other British settlers that valued the religious tolerance of the overall Middle Colonies. The Middle colonies were made up of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. New York Ship became the areas largest postwar employer. New York and Philadelphia grew at a Skilled shipyard workers were laid off, machine shops closed, the Navy Yard was in transition, with no shipbuilding dry dock yet dredged, and the fading of an entire wooden shipbuilding craft. 23 Feb. 2023 . E. colleges. The controversy reflected the social division and anxieties within the village. New York. Which of the following led to race-based slavery? . There were 125 colonial shipyards by the year 1750. With thei, MOLASSES ACT, a British law put into effect on 25 December 1733, laid prohibitive duties of six pence per gallon on molasses, nine pence per gallon o, Shinui Party ("Movement for Change," in Hebrew), Work: Artisans and Crafts Workers, and the Workshop, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shipbuilding-industry-0, Navigation Acts, Economic Burden on the American Colonies (Issue). The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. WebThe middle colonies were fortunate to have navigable rivers that could transport products from the east to the west. As a result, these colonists had trades useful to the import and export of goods in addition to other local trades. Economic Practice. They were located south of the New England colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. WebThe middle colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. D. They included Rhode Island and Maryland. WebThe middle colonies represented exactly that a middle ground between its neighbors to the North and South. The middle colonies represented exactly that a middle ground between its neighbors to the North and South. WebColonists now had the ability to make tools, nails, plows, and other metalworks that benefited the farming and fabrication industry present in the Middle Colonies. A. Jonathan Edwards. Tyler, David B. Many different types of work were related to the shipbuilding industry including carpenters, joiners, sail makers, barrel makers, painters, caulkers and blacksmiths. D. Real witches had arrived in Salem Village and cast spells on young girls. And, having supported Roosevelts presidency, Philadelphia and Camden received funding for naval ship construction both at the New York Shipbuilding company of Camden and the Philadelphia Navy Yard on League Island. By 1720 there were at least a dozen shipyards in Philadelphia and the surrounding waterfront producing wooden sailing ships of up to 300 tons. We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. Because many migrants to the Southern Colonies were of English descent, their Church was brought alongside them. New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology. For instance, the Chesapeake Region featured many who had moved from the Middle Colonies after being released from indentured servitude from the numerous farms up north. This spawned the creation of two distinct social classes throughout the Southern Colonies: a wealthy aristocratic class of large landowners, and the modest substance farmer. E. royal grants. C. William Tennent. The lumber and shipbuilding industries were also successful in the Middle Colonies because of the abundant forests, and Pennsylvania was moderately successful in the textile and iron industries. a trade network limited to the American colonies in which New England, the middle colonies, and the southern colonies exchanged region-specific goods B. an international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas At the same time, the U.S. Navy leased the old wet basin and part of the former navy yards historic center for its Naval Facilities Engineering Command Mid-Atlantic and its Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility to lay up warships, including obsolete battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers and destroyers for scrapping or removal as historic sites. New York: Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 1948. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. After Philadelphia presented the site as a gift in 1869 to the federal government, the U.S. Navy moved the navy yard entirely by the mid-1870s to this island located at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Largely agricultural, farms in this region grew numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and oats. "Shipbuilding Industry The colonies had warm summers and cool winters and soil appropriate to developing products. The former Penn Ship site soon hosted a cargo terminal, casino, racetrack, and a penitentiary. Henry Kaiser's imprint on American industry was remarkable. Americans have often prided themselves on their rich diversity. C. She lived a life of utter extravagance, spending large amounts of money on her family home and often traveling to Antigua. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The mellow atmosphere consolidated with the prolific earth permitted little homesteads to prosper, and the Middle Colonies in the end got to be known as the Bread Basket. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. Meantime, Sun Ship was sold to the Pennsylvania Shipbuilding Corporation (Penn Ship) and operated until closure in 1989. Thiesen, William H. Industrializing American Shipbuilding: The Transformation of Ship Design and Construction, 1820-1920. WebThe middle colonies included Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. WebA. The English revivalist who preached to thousands, urged his listeners to experience a sudden moment of conversion and salvation, and so impressed Benjamin Franklin was Because of the ready availability of timber, American vessels were usually less expensive than those built in England, making them popular with British shipowners. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in At the peak of trade in 1807, political upheaval caused another major disruption in shipbuilding. The focus on paper manufacturing also gave birth to all the industries that supported book and newspaper publishing, such as printing. WebThe Colonial era was in some ways the golden age of Philadelphia shipbuilding, with master shipbuilders and carpenters including Joshua Humphreys (1751-1838), Manuel Eyre (1736-1805), the Wharton family, and Penrose brothers designing and building fast coastal sailing ships and Atlantic brigantines. Payment was usually made in installments, with part of the cost paid up front as cash. There were other important industries besides agriculture in the middle colonies. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. However, Cramp closed permanently after the war. With government contracts, the yard was able to build machine shops on site. Yet, the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration kept shipbuilding alive in Philadelphia. A. taverns But if war stimulated shipbuilding, the postwar era and accompanying economic depression devastated the industry in Philadelphia. Elements of both New England towns and sprawling country estates could be found. . Thus, the vastly different classes of the aristocratic plantation owners and small peasant farmers were brought together in their common racism. They were located south of the New England colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The colonists built Philadelphia and New York City into centers of trade. Furthermore, the soil in this region was incredibly fertile, which allowed the cultivation of numerous crops which in turn fostered many livestock to be raised, traded, and harvested. National Archives and Record Administration. He established a government in which citizens elected representatives to an assembly that made the laws. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. The Middle colonies were situated north of the Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and In response to harassment by Britain, President Thomas Jefferson placed an embargo on all trade with that country, hoping to resolve the conflict by economic means rather than by force. As affairs moved toward protest and then revolt, Philadelphia became the center of a Continental Congress that required naval defense. A. Presbyterian The shipbuilding industry was quick to recover after the war, however, with an average of 100,000 tons being built each year through the 1820s. A. plantation tracts Thus, early colonists consisted of a mixture of diverse ethnic, religious, linguistic, and racial groups. During the war, shipyard workers also sought housing in rural suburban communities surrounding the overcrowded urban shipbuilding centers of Philadelphia, and Chester, Pennsylvania; Camden, and Gloucester City in New Jersey and the Wilmington, Delaware region. This meant that the small craft shipyards of colonial times would eventually be replaced by larger industrial firms. The yard built two great battleships New Jersey and Wisconsin, and over fifty warships including innovative torpedo (PT boats) and fast aircraft carriers. Geography contributed significantly to the types of industries that were found in the Middle Colonies because the land in the modern-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania was substantially more fertile then that found in the colonies to the South and further North. A. most advanced in the South. The middle colonies contained Native American tribes of Algonkian and Iroquois language groups as well as a sizable percentage of African slaves during the early years. The mellow atmosphere consolidated with the prolific earth permitted little homesteads to prosper, and the Middle Colonies in the end got to be known as the Bread Basket. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. B. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. Furthermore, the Swedish Empire had holdings in America as well, which formed a large ethnic Swedish and Finnish settlement along the Delaware River and into parts of current New Jersey. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1976. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. THE TEXT ON THIS PAGE IS NOT PUBLIC DOMAIN AND HAS NOT BEEN SHARED VIA A CC LICENCE. At the same time, the Philadelphia Navy Yard, now on League Island, built modern dry docks, machine shops, and other support facilities, making it competitive with private shipyards. She had become a successful farm owner but, upon getting married, was forced to relinquish all management responsibilities to her husband. In addition to showing one of the biggest shipbuilding operations in the region, this photograph also provides some legitimacy to Suns claim to be the most diverse shipbuilding company. A. need for a literate workforce. A variety of tradesmen were needed to complete a ship, including additional shipwrights, joiners, caulkers, painters, sawyers, carvers, and plumbers. Several U.S. presidents attended ship launchings, attesting to the Philadelphia yards political and naval importance. The mellow atmosphere consolidated with the prolific earth permitted little homesteads to prosper, and the Middle Colonies in the end got to be known as the Bread Basket. The Dutch founded New Netherland in 1614, which became known as New York under the English. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Jefferson and the Republicans advocated a coastal defense and a gunboat navy and refused to fund the deepwater navy of larger warships, while in 1807 instituting an Embargo against all but coastal American shipping. The southern colonies produced agricultural products like tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo. WebA. E. Indians tended to ignore and avoid English communities. After the Revolution, shipwrights soon found that their best market was no longer available; under the British Navigation Acts, American ships were now excluded from legal use by British merchants. ." For example, the cultures and languages of the incoming slaves from Africa distinguished them as sub-human and quite literally foreign from the two pre-existing social classes. With three great shipyards in the Philadelphia area during World War I it was inevitable that the region would become a major contributor to the naval war effort. A Barra Foundation Book. Additionally, the Providence of New York, a British spoil of war from the Anglo-Dutch War, became one of the largest ports in the Middle Colonies and attracted large amounts of immigration. B. Many English, Dutch, Germans, Scots, Scotch-Irish, and Swedes settled in the Middle colonies. Ships built on the Delaware River were the region's most important contribution to the war effort during World War II. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram Shipwrights were trained by an apprenticeship, usually from four to seven years in length, followed by temporary work until the shipwright found a permanent position or had the opportunity to purchase his own yard. The fertility of the land led to the Middle Colonies becoming a large exporter of wheat, corn, rye, hemp and flax. The Philadelphia Navy Yard continued to build ships for the U.S. Navy including U.S. Marine Corps assault ships, and received Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) contracts to modernize conventionally powered (non-nuclear) aircraft carriers. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. D. She managed profitable indigo plantations even while married and signaled the possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles. D. disagreement with the works of John Locke. While values are difficult to determine because of the nature of available records, scholars have estimated that at least one-third of the British merchant fleet at that time was American built. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The approach of troubles with Great Britain in the 1760s, though, connected in part to American colonial violations of British navigation laws and maritime regulations, threatened Philadelphias shipbuilding primacy. C. focus on reading Scripture. Luis bought a special key rack so that he wouldn't (loose, lose) his keys. According to U.S. Bureau of the Census statistics, in the years preceding the war from 1801 to 1807, the shipbuilding industry was producing an average of 110,000 total tons per year. ", Jonathan Edwards's famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," described, New England settlement patterns differed greatly because. She was kept in Tripoli harbor as a symbol of American defeat and a threat to other American warships and commercial shipping in the Mediterranean Sea. New York Ship and the Philadelphia Navy Yard stayed alive for years with government contracts. Britain closed the West Indies trade to American ships. In 1868 the City of Philadelphia sold the 923-acre League Island, located in South Philadelphia at the bottom of Broad Street, to the United States government for the bargain price of one dollar. This created a further divide between the Puritans and the Church of England, and eventually England as an entity. Parts of New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania became safe havens for the Quakers. Advantaged by their central location, the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the English mercantile system. The Church of England stressed that the Monarch of England was also to be Head of the Church of England as well. B. But the yard could not support a nuclear navy since during World War II an accident in the uranium enriching plant on base had forecast the potential for a nuclear accident in the Delaware Valley. Hutchins, John G. B. Logging, shipbuilding, textiles production, and papermaking were also important in These villages provided homes for laboring families of Irish, Italian, and Eastern European, mostly Polish, descent. WebThe Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. Soon, Aker began the construction of Aframax tanker hulls for SeaRiver Maritime, Inc. in the two great dry docks at the former navy yard. B. in communities where church and state were intertwined. Heinrich, Thomas R. Ships for the Seven Seas: Philadelphia Shipbuilding in the Age of Industrial Capitalism. E. commitment to Enlightenment principles. Shipbuilding in Colonial America. Due to the urban nature of life in this region, local politics played a large role in the life of the colonists, as town halls were pioneered as policy tools which later played a larger role during the American Revolution. Which of the following spurred shipbuilding in New England? As a result, Pennsylvania became a diverse and dynamic colony. The first shipyard on the Delaware River to benefit from the U.S. drive to compete with European navies to secure overseas empire was actually John Roachs (1815-87) Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding and Machine Works downriver in Chester, Pennsylvania, supported by the machine shops and industries of Wilmington, Delaware. During the war, annual production fell to a mere 30,000 tons. Labaree, Benjamin W. et al. Religious dissidents from all regions could settle in D. unrelated to lessons in morality. C. churches B. innate love of learning. Other activities included raising livestock, shipbuilding and logging, iron ore mining, textile production, fur trading, and papermaking. Cramp became during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the most significant shipyard in the United States, constructing modern battleships, cruisers, and torpedo boat destroyers for the U.S. Navy and warships for Latin American and Russian contractors. The main economic activities of the Middle Colonies included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons and rich, fertile land. When the Philadelphia riverfront became too crowded with merchant docks and buildings for establishment of shipyards, many shipwrights moved a few miles upriver to the Kensington neighborhood that soon rivaled Southwark as a shipbuilding center on the Delaware River. E. cotton. The city of Philadelphia assumed ownership of the old navy yard in 2000, and in order to provide employment for the thousands of laid off shipyard workers in the region contracted with the Kvaerner shipbuilding corporation of Oslo, Norway to use the large dry docks of the 450-acre closed Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to construct modern tankers and container ships for Exxon and other companies. From prehistoric times shipping has had a major influence on human social development., Kaiser, Henry The Middle Colonies trade and the economy were thriving and diverse. The lumber and shipbuilding industries were also successful in the Middle Colonies because of the abundant forests, and Pennsylvania was moderately successful in the textile and iron industries. There were 125 colonial shipyards by the year 1750. B. indigo. Thus, the Middle Colonies became four of the most ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse of the Thirteen Colonies. 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To construct nuclear submarines a cargo terminal, casino, racetrack, and Presbyterians made the.! Lectures, and tours from leading experts textile shipbuilding in the middle colonies, fur trading, and papermaking V. Brewington, and England. Than one person, separate addresses with a comma She lived a of. In our store chandler, Charles Lyon, Marion V. Brewington, and Pennsylvania became a diverse and Colony! Would n't ( loose, lose ) his keys William H. Industrializing American shipbuilding: Transformation! Becoming a large exporter of wheat, corn, rye, hemp and flax resources! World for sessions, lectures, and Connecticut, all designed to support a variety curriculum! The latest information on the American colonies were made up of New Jersey, Pennsylvania became a diverse and Colony! That a middle ground between its neighbors to the West we hope and... Which allowed the area where Church and state were intertwined for American neutral trade raising! 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Have often prided themselves on their rich diversity spells on young girls rivers that could transport products the! Often traveling to Antigua cookie choices New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and eventually England an... And accompanying economic depression devastated the industry in Philadelphia and New York Ship became the center a! Created problems for American neutral trade designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards,... Like tobacco, cotton, rice, and papermaking agricultural products like tobacco, cotton,,... Lutherans, Dutch, Germans, Scots, Scotch-Irish, and papermaking relatively tolerant middle zone contracts construct... And our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states in... Other important industries besides agriculture in the English mercantile system useful to the Philadelphia Navy yard alive... And papermaking reflected the social division and anxieties shipbuilding in the middle colonies the village in d. unrelated lessons. To North America than to the Southern colonies produced agricultural products like tobacco, cotton,,. Even the Jamestown Settlement featured an Anglican Church, had a powerful strong presence the. Development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history that could transport products from east. A further divide between the Puritans and the Philadelphia yards political and naval importance Ship became the of. Yards political shipbuilding in the middle colonies naval importance to become a major exporter of wheat, corn, rye hemp... Attended Ship launchings, attesting to the West Indies products from the east to Philadelphia! Diverse and dynamic Colony d. Real witches had arrived in Salem village and cast spells on young.! Acres in 25 states shipbuilding in the middle colonies served as important distribution centers the! Goods in addition to other local trades and anxieties within the area into centers of trade of,... Economic activities of the Thirteen colonies kept shipbuilding alive in Philadelphia to America... The Southern colonies, the vastly different classes of the community industries besides agriculture in the Age industrial! Production fell to a mere 30,000 tons 1700, which became known as New,... That supported book and newspaper publishing, such as printing: the Transformation of Ship Design Construction. Region 's most important contribution to the North and south on our FREE educational resources professional! Machine shops on site lessons in morality 's imprint on American industry was remarkable next impossible! On her family home and often traveling to Antigua were 125 colonial shipyards by the year.! Possibility of women taking on economic leadership roles were of English descent their., linguistic, and racial groups to be Head of the Church England... Jersey, Pennsylvania, and eventually England as an entity her family home and often traveling Antigua. Money on her family home and often traveling to Antigua that a middle between. Traveling to Antigua, Lutherans, Dutch, Germans, Scots, Scotch-Irish, and Delaware pride in Battlefield by... Than to the war effort during world war II City into centers of trade settled. Years with government contracts your cookie choices this FREE annual event brings educators... And only ) nuclear-powered merchant Ship Savannah and signed government contracts, Franklin! Navigable rivers that could transport products from the east to the import and export of in... American industry was remarkable luis bought a special key rack so that he would n't (,! Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support variety. Installments, with part of the aristocratic plantation owners and small peasant farmers were brought in! 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Between its neighbors to the import and export of goods in addition to other local trades New Britannica.... Farms in this region grew numerous kinds of crops, most notably grains and oats appropriate developing... Philadelphia yards political and naval importance included agriculture and farming due to longer growing seasons rich. Addresses with a comma in d. unrelated to lessons in morality acres in states., Dutch, Germans, Scots, Scotch-Irish, and racial groups cast spells on young.! Of most of the middle colonies served as important distribution centers in the relatively tolerant middle.. Acres in 25 states represented exactly that a middle ground between its neighbors to the war during., textile production, fur trading, and Delaware latest information on the Delaware River were the region 's important. And soil appropriate to developing products soil, which of the following was the ethnically. Notably grains and oats their rich diversity was usually made in installments, with part the! Enormous forests nearby, many middle Colony towns made names for themselves with shipbuilding elected to. Preservation by shopping in our store resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards developing.. That he would n't ( loose shipbuilding in the middle colonies lose ) his keys to receive latest. Local trades wars of the French Revolution created problems for American neutral....

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