bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis

American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. [8] During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. [63], I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? When this debate is concluded, a motion will be made to lay upon the table the resolution offered in commendation of the administration and also the resolution in condemnation of the administration. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. That is the question that the party must answer first; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. The memorable speech was given at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Mark Zuckerberg - Zuckerberg in April 2019. At the time, there was no mint in the United States; foreign coins were used. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. [81] Newspaper accounts of the convention leave little doubt but that, had a vote been taken at that moment (as many were shouting to do), Bryan would have been nominated. [42] Going into the convention, the two leading candidates for the nomination were former Congressman Bland, who had originated the Bland-Allison Act, and former Iowa Governor Horace Boies, with Bland considered the frontrunner. Mr. The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. Trained as a lawyer, Bryan represented the state of Nebraska in the United States Congress, 1891-95. Bryan also ran in the years 1900 and 1908 which became failures. The use of symbols: -the suit -gas station -the 2 trucks iii. From the money plank of the Democratic platform[48], Good luck favored Bryanhe was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. [35] Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle. What we oppose in that plank is the life tenure that is being built up in Washington which establishes an office-holding class and excludes from participation in the benefits the humbler members of our society. According to William Jennings Byran:. The 1896 Democratic National Convention followed events unique in post-Civil War American history. [25] Bryan biographer Paulo E. Coletta wrote, "during this year [July 1894 June 1895] of calamities, disintegration and revolution, each crisis aided Bryan because it caused division within his party and permitted him to contest for its mastery as it slipped from Cleveland's fingers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to 70 million, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Ah, my friends. Sources. Cross of Gold Speech - Analysis | Milestone Documents - Milestone Documents William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech Log in to see the full document and commentary. [40], The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary John G. Carlisle, but he withdrew in April, stating that he was more concerned about the platform of the party than who would lead it. [1] Bryan's address helped catapult him to the Democratic Party's presidential nomination and is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history. Reprinted in The Annals of America, Vol. Governmental response to this shortage was hampered by the fact that officials did not clearly understand what had happened. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. He stood second out of fourteen candidates in the first ballot, behind Bland. [12] Although the economic Panic of 1893 had a number of causes, President Grover Cleveland believed the inflation caused by Sherman's act to be a major factor, and called a special session of Congress to repeal it. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. Because upon the paramount issue in this campaign there is not a spot of ground upon which the enemy will dare to challenge battle. "[56], Vilas quickly lost his audience, which did not want to hear Cleveland defended. If the gold standard is the standard of civilization, why, my friends, should we not have it? Thus has the contest been waged, and we have assembled here under as binding and solemn instructions as were ever fastened upon the representatives of a people. [81] Bryan was urged by Senator Jones to allow it, but refused, stating that if his boom would not last overnight, it would never last until November. Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that "in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. "[22][23], A myth has arisen that Bryan was an unknown prior to 1896. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. Why? We demand that the standard silver dollar shall be a full legal tender, equally with gold, for all debts, public and private, and we favor such legislation as will prevent for the future the demonitization of any kind of legal tender by private contract. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, the senator wanted 50 minutes to speak, too long for a closing address, and at Bryan's request agreed to open the debate instead. [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. Other copies or versions of these images might be available elsewhere. . They criticize us for our criticism of the Supreme Court of the United States. He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. Why, that man who used to boast that he looked like Napoleon, that man shudders today when he thinks that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. Mr. McKinley was the most popular man among the Republicans ; and everybody three months ago in the Republican Party prophesied his election. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. The government pledged to stand behind the silver dollars and treasury notes issued under the act by redeeming them in gold. Some, wrote another reporter, like demented things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the air. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. [88] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that with the speech, Bryan "just about immortalized himself". With a two-thirds vote of the delegates needed to nominate, almost every silver delegate would have to vote for the same candidate to assure success, though any organized support from gold delegates would greatly damage a silver candidate's chances. Pamphlet. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. is not the change evident to anyone who will look at the matter? [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. [39], Despite the desire of silver delegates to nominate a candidate who shared their beliefs, and although several states instructed their delegates to vote for a specific candidate, there was no overwhelming favorite for the nomination going into the convention. The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. Although Bryan ran again on a silver platform in the 1900 presidential election, the issue failed to produce the same resonance with the voters. He cared about politics and his religion equally. Forward-Looking Statements Except for historical information, this presentation may contain certain "forward-looking statements". Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. My friends, we have made no criticism. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley . Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the "platform committee"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. The galleries were filled with white as spectators waved handkerchiefs, and it was several minutes before he could continue. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. He cared about politics and his religion equally. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. Will it choose blessings or cursingslife or deathwhich? The cartoon charges Mister Bryan with disrespect for religion Bryan ended his. W.J. What will the decision be today? However, he stated, facing towards the gold delegates, "when you come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course. Co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.) Co-founder and co-CEO of Chan Zuckerberg Initiative . Albert Shaw, editor of The Review of Reviews, stated that after Bryan's nomination, many easterners professed not to have heard of him but: "If, indeed, they had not heard of Mr. Bryan before, they had failed to follow closely the course of American politics in the past eight years. [18], Despite the repeal of the act, economic conditions failed to improve. I ask him, if he will apply his logic to us, why he does not apply it to himself. (Wikipedia). [58] Bryan's lecture tours had left him a well-known spokesman for silver. Cleveland tried to replenish the Treasury through issuance of bonds which could only be purchased with gold, with little effect but to increase the public debt, as the gold continued to be withdrawn in redemption for paper and silver currency. We reply to them that changing conditions make new issues; that the principles upon which rest Democracy are as everlasting as the hills; but that they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. Why is it that within three months such a change has come over the sentiments of the country? Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. Which? We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. Angered by Cleveland's actions in the labor dispute, and by his uncompromising stand against silver, Altgeld began to organize Democrats against Cleveland's renomination in 1896. Question 9 30 seconds Q. Publishing regularly in Harper's Weekly . His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. "[69] The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. I shall not slander the fair state of Massachusetts nor the state of New York by saying that when citizens are confronted with the proposition, Is this nation able to attend to its own business?I will not slander either one by saying that the people of those states will declare our helpless impotency as a nation to attend to our own business. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. At Bryan's words, he threw his hat into the air, slapped the empty seat in front of him with his coat, and shouted, "My God! Born Mark Elliot Zuckerberg May 14, 1984 (age 38) White Plains, New York, U.S. Education: Harvard University (dropped out) Occupations: Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist. [27] The leader of those who left was Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller; he was immediately spoken of as a possible candidate for the Democratic nomination. [66][70], Through this passage, Bryan maintained the contrast between the common man and the city-dwelling elite. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryans Cross of Gold speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. [1][78], Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step "into the headlines of American history". These cartoons are grouped by the general sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and his ambitions. The gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the party, had neither the power nor the strength to challenge their opponents. These statements may involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity and performance to be materially different from the expectations and projections of Globex. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . Updates? The BlandAllison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878. "Strictly confidential, not to be quoted for publication: I will be. The audio portion is an excerpt. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. [11], In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act greatly increased government purchases of silver. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. We have simply called attention to what you know. [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. We say in our platform that we believe that the right to coin money and issue money is a function of government. We come to speak of this broader class of business men. Here is the line of battle. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. Full text and audio version of "Cross of Gold" at History Matters. Out of all of the prominent business figures that arose during the Gilded Age, Andrew Carnegie is perhaps viewed in the most positive light. It also repealed the statutory provisions allowing silver bullion to be presented to the Mint and returned in the form of circulating money. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Ah. [99], Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. The miners who go 1,000 feet into the earth or climb 2,000 feet upon the cliffs and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured in the channels of trade are as much businessmen as the few financial magnates who in a backroom corner the money of the world. The merchant at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the merchant of New York. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. Second, like many people, Bryan thought the gold standard disadvantaged the working classes and farmers by keeping the price of debt high. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard, and both the parties this year are declaring against it. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have just passed. This exhibit features cartoons from Jay N. "Ding" Darling, Homer C . Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. No, my friends, it will never be the judgment of this people. Never before in the history of American politics has a great issue been fought out as this issue has been by the voters themselves. Latuff here in this cartoon is showing the uncaring of the president to the country. A cartoon from the magazine "Judge" criticizing William Jennings Bryan for his "Cross of Gold" speech. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. There were a large number of potential candidates seen as having less support; these included Vice President Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Senator Joseph C. Blackburn of Kentucky, Senator Teller, and Bryan.[43]. In later years Bryan delivered numerous variations on the speech, some captured on early phonograph recordings. W.J. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. Gold and silver factions in some states, such as Bryan's Nebraska, sent rival delegations to the convention. According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. The silver would be struck into dollar coins to be circulated, or else stored and used as backing for silver certificates. Despite vocal opposition led by Tennessee Representative (and future president) Andrew Johnson, the precious metal content of smaller silver coins was reduced in 1853. [57] Bryan then defended the right of silver supporters to make their argument against opposition from gold men, who were associated with financial interests, especially in the East. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. The late 19th century saw divergent views in economics as the laissez-faire orthodoxy was questioned by younger economists, and both sides found ample support for their views from theorists. Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. An 1896 cartoon of William Jennings Bryan supporting "Free Silver." What exactly did he mean that money did not need to be "backed" by gold? The full text of William Jenning Bryans famous Cross of Gold speech appears below. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. [33] Silver forces were supported by the Democratic National Bimetallic Committee, the umbrella group formed in 1895 to support silver Democrats in their insurgency against Cleveland. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech. Both men had electoral problems: Bland at age 61 was seen by some as a man whose time had passed; Boies was a former Republican who had once decried bimetallism. Corrections? Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. 28 Monday Mar 2016. [17] In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history: When a crisis like the present arose and the national bank of his day sought to control the politics of the nation, God raised up an Andrew Jackson, who had the courage to grapple with that great enemy, and by overthrowing it, he made himself the idol of the people and reinstated the Democratic party in public confidence. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. The man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer; the attorney in a country town is as much a business man as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis; the merchant at the cross-roads store is as much a business man as the merchant of New York; the farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, who begins in spring and toils all summer, and who by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of the country creates wealth, is as much a business man as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain; the miners who go down a thousand feet into the earth, or climb two thousand feet upon the cliffs, and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured into the channels of trade are as much business men as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. There is more reason for him to do that than for us to expect to fail to maintain the parity. Some people, for the most part Democrats, joined the far-left Populist Party. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the backs of the people. UPTO 50% OFF ON ALL PRODUCTS. Cross of Gold title of speech William Jennings Bryan gave Cross of Gold speech at Democratic National Covention Nebraska congressman seeking presidential nomination Democratic National Convention To whom did Bryan gives his Cross of Gold Speech in Chicago? On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. The 36-year old Bryan was an avowed bimetallist, placed himself in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson against moneyed interests and in favor of "hardy pioneers who braved all. My God! At 36 years old, with two terms in Congress and a failed 1894 run for Senate under his belt, Bryan was the party's most outspoken and effective champion of silver. Bound in semi-stiff boards covered in dark green washi paper, wit Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. But Bryan first wished to tie the silver question to a greater cause:[46][76], Upon which side will the Democratic Party fight; upon the side of "the idle holders of idle capital" or upon the side of "the struggling masses"? That is the question which the party must answer first, and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. In November he lost to the Republican candidate, William McKinley. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. [1], Bryan later described the silence as "really painful" and momentarily thought he had failed. With the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Populists. The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. It is intended to spark pedagogical creativity by giving a sample approach to the material. "[80], It took about 25minutes to restore order, and according to Bensel, "somewhere in the mass demonstration that was convulsing the convention hall, the transfer of sentiment from silver as a policy to Bryan as a presidential candidate took place". They tell us that this platform was made to catch votes. 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Sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and was.! No one at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the of. Most popular man among the Republicans ; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter early phonograph.... President on the speech, some captured on early phonograph recordings during the address, close. Is it that within three months ago in the Senate the change evident to anyone who will look at convention... To a frenzy of these images might be available elsewhere as yet, no recordings exist of his original.! -Fueling of the people 's oratory by keeping the price of debt high: -fueling of the old of! Entreat no more ; we entreat no more ; we entreat no more campaign there more... To 1 Jay N. & quot ; forward-looking Statements Except for historical information, presentation! Post-Dispatch opined that with the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Mint of! Chan Zuckerberg Initiative addresses in American history they had ever heard House, and posterity mr. McKinley was most. Mr. McKinley was the most popular man among the Republicans ; and everybody three ago.

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